在经济周期内劳动供给和生产率增产都是来回反弹的。
Both Labour supply and productivity growth bounce around during business cycles.
劳动供给在减少因为该计划等于40万全日工作岗位。
The reduction in Labour supply because of the scheme is equivalent to some 400, 000 full-time employees.
劳动供给在减少因为该计划等于40万全日工作岗位。
The reduction in Labour supply because of the scheme is equivalent to some 400,000 full-time employees.
降低工资就能减少劳动供给，增加劳动需求，解决劳力过剩问题。
Bring wages down and you reduce labor supply, increase labor demand, and get rid of the labor surplus.
本文分析了工薪税的税收归宿和劳动供给弹性的影响。
This paper analyses the tax incidence and the influence of the labor supply elasticity on it.
教师劳动供给不完全是在学校管理中容易被忽视的事情。
Incomplete supplies of teacher workforce are a matter that is ignored in the process of school management.
对浙江就业的总量分析包括劳动供给与劳动需求两个部分。
To analyze the total of the Zhejiang's employment is to analyze its labor supply and demand.
对女性劳动供给行为进行分析可为相关政策的制订提供微观基础。
The analyses of female labor supply can lay micro foundation for policy-making.
劳动供给源于家庭的效用最大化，劳动需求源于企业的利润最大化。
Labor supply is derived from a household's utility maximizing behavior, while labor demand from a firm's profit maximizing behavior.
劳动供给包括劳动供给数量、劳动供给质量和劳动供给地点等方面。
The issues of labor supply include quantity, quality and location of supply etc.
累进税率的累进程度取决于社会福利函数的类型和劳动供给弹性的大小。
Progressive degree of progressive tax rate depends on the type of Social welfare function and labour supply elasticity.
城市中农村迁移家庭的劳动供给行为一直是发展经济学研究的主题之一。
The labor supply behavior of rural migrant households in cities is one of the main issues in development economics.
劳动供给是否具有弹性以及工资的不同形式对效率工资机制发生作用没有影响。
Differences in wage forms and whether labor supply has elasticity or not, have no influence on the actions of Efficiency Wages Mechanism.
理论模型表明，农业收入补贴和价格补贴能改变相对价格，从而影响劳动供给。
The theoretical model shows that agriculture income subsidies and price subsidies will change relative prices and affect labor supply.
假定相对价格和土地与劳动供给不变，如何决定不同要素投入到不同的商品生产。
Given the relative price of cloth and the supplies of land and labor, it is possible to determine how much of each resource the economy devotes to the production of each good.
相关经济理论表明，一个分析工作和休闲偏好的模型可以很好地解释妇女的劳动供给决策。
Economic theory suggests that women's labour supply decisions can be understood through the careful modeling of their preferences for work and leisure.
本文的研究结果表明，农户家庭决策与劳动供给决策是相互联系的，而且劳动供给具有家庭联合决策的特征。
The result shows farmers' family decision is related to the labor' supply decision, and the labor' supply is characterized with united decision of family's numbers.
课税是影响就业的一个重要因素，目前对此的研究主要包括劳动供给曲线以及课税的收入效应与替代效应等。
This article argues that taxation has its impact on employment. Up to now, studies on this field mainly concern the supply curve of labor, the revenue effect and substitutive effect of taxation.
通过构建一个基于向下倾斜劳动供给曲线的就业决定模型，解析出一种称之为“支出约束引致型失业”的新类型。
The thesis constructs an employment decision model based on a downward-sloping labor supply curve, and parses a type employment called by the author as "expenditure-constraint-causing unemployment".
他们的理论指出，因为女性的劳动供给对税率的弹性比男性的更富有弹性，在意大利她们的税率应该更低，至少比32%更低。
Because women's Labour supply is more sensitive to tax rates than men's, theory suggests that their rates should be lower-in Italy, they say, as much as 32% lower.
收入维持制度下，在人们的工资性所得达到生活有保障的水平前后，提高税率引起的劳动供给曲线的变化也会不同。
Under the system of income maintenance, before or after people's salary meets the need of their life, the Labour supply caused by raising tax rate can be different.
新古典经济学的效用劳动供给理论隐含假设：工人为实现效用最大化可自由选择工作时间，不受劳动市场制度的影响。
In the utility theory of labor supply of the neoclassic economic regime, for utility maximization workers have full freedom to choose their working hours.
现阶段中国城市次级劳动力市场中存在着这样一种现象：民工的劳动供给与工资正反馈向下直至工资趋于民工的保留工资。
There exists in the current urban secondary labor market the phenomenon that the labor supply of rural laborers and their wages exhibit downward positive feedback approaching their reservation wage.
这也对劳动力供给和养老金制度提出了挑战。
It also challenges the labor force supply and the pension system.
高产农民越多意味着有盈余可以供给城市；反过来，这为工厂创造了大量劳动力。
More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories.
随着领取养老金的人数不断攀升，各富裕国家劳动工人供给速度即将减缓。
Across the rich world the supply of workers is about to slow as the number of pensioners rises.
现在国会给外国工人以签证保护，这样刻板的系统并不能使得劳动力供给与需求相符。
Congress now caps visas for foreign workers, a clunky system that does not match supply too precisely with demand.
鉴于这个劳动力供给和劳动力需求特性的简短调查，对失业有什么观点吗？
In the light of this brief survey of the characteristics of the labor supply and the probable demand for labor, what is the outlook for unemployment?
工作岗位数量不是固定的也并非仅取决于劳动力的供给。
Jobs are not fixed and do not depend exclusively on the supply of labor.
如果说世界对中国确有依赖，那它就是一种对中国充足的劳动力供给的依赖。
If there is a dependency of the world on China, it is a dependency on China's abundant Labour supply.
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