教授一直在讨论“动物交流系统”。
The professor has been discussing Animal Communication Systems.
它与动物交流有什么不同？
我们还是不要讨论像名词和动词这样的概念应用于动物交流是否有意义了。
Let's not even get into the question of whether concepts like noun and verb can be meaningfully applied to animal communication.
语言的另一个特征是我们所说的“置换性”，这是任何形式的动物交流都不会表现出来的。
Another feature of language that's not displayed by any form of animal communication is what we call "displacement".
人们对动物交流很感兴趣，科学家在这方面做了很多研究。
People are interested in animal communication and scientists have done lots of researches on this subject.
动物交流不只是通过声音和动作，而且通过气味。
Animals communicate with each other not only with sounds and movements, but also with smell.
杜尔·利特能同动物交流而格兰丁能像动物一样思考。
Dr Doolittle may talk to the animals. Grandin can think like them.
因此，后来她决定放弃化学转而研究动物交流的做法就并不令人惊讶了。
It hardly comes as a surprise that she decided to switch from chemistry to the study of animal communication.
第二，对他来说，动物比人要更好交流。他说，与动物交流是所有口吃的人都具备的本领。
Second, he communicated better with animals than with people, a skill he says is common to all people who stutter.
他能够本能地与动物交流，还在马萨西神殿里自己的房间里办了个小动物园，养了许多小动物。
He could instinctively communicate with animals, and kept a large menagerie of small critters in his quarters in the Massassi temple.
基本的自我识别是与其他动物交流的关键；有了这个知识，婴儿们开始一摇一摆地进入了社会性的世界。
Basic self-recognition is key to being able to relate to others; with this knowledge infants take their first faltering steps into the social world.
科学家们计划几个星期后在佛罗里达海域对该仪器进行检测，如果成功的话，他们将取得人类与动物交流领域的重大突破。
They are hoping to test the machine off the Florida coast in the next few weeks, and, if successful, it will be a huge step in establishing communication between humans and animals.
阿尼·马格斯似乎有一定的与真正动物交流的能力，尽管我们不知道是否必须处于阿尼·马格斯的形态才能这么做。
An Animagus appears to have some ability to communicate with true animals, although it is not known whether an Animagus must be in Animagus form to do so.
白天的时候大家就在传言：得过“中等白鬃”奖的老麦哲[1]在前一天晚上做了一个奇怪的梦，并且很想就此与其他动物交流。
Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals.
动物有本能的交流系统。
许多动物都能交流。
植物内部发出的电信号与动物复杂的大脑中发出的神经信号只是表面上相似，动物大脑不仅仅是“通过电信号交流的细胞群”，塔伊兹说道。
The signaling in a plant is only superficially similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than "a mass of cells that communicate by electricity," Taiz said.
我们是否生活在饲养员观察的巨大“动物园”里，却没有与他们交流？
Do we live in a gigantic "zoo" observed by our keepers, but having no communication with them?
今天，我想看看哺乳动物的一些交流系统，尤其是灵长类动物，比如猩猩，黑猩猩，大猩猩。
Today, I'd like to look at some communication systems found in mammals, particularly in primates, such as orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas.
有些动物靠嗅觉交流。
大多数动物总是用语言来交流。
黑猩猩会检查它们是否得到了希望与之交流的动物的注意。
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.
此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息。
Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication.
她了解到它们是高智商的动物，可以通过手势和身体接触进行交流。
She learned that they are highly intelligent animals that communicate with gestures and physical contact.
凯蒂·佩恩研究音乐和动物，她非常惊讶于鲸鱼的交流方式，它们的声音听起来如同一名歌剧歌手。
Katy Payne studied music as well as animals, and she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera singer.
领导这项研究的凯瑟琳·霍拜特博士说，这是动物王国中唯一被记录的有意图的交流方式。
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.
尽管之前的研究表明，猿类和猴子可以从其他动物的叫声中理解复杂的信息，但这些动物似乎并没有故意使用它们的声音来交流信息。
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.
在圈养的情况下，它们生活在动物园和科学中心，它们可以学习美国手语，这样它们就可以用手交流。
In captivity, where they live in zoos and science centres, they can be taught American Sign Language so that they can communicate with their hands.
尽管许多动物有它们自己的交流方式，但就深度和多功能性而言，都不足与人类语言相提并论。
Although many animals have their own form of communication, none has the depth or versatility heard in human speech.
关于动物如何交流才达成这种景象，有许多理论提出来。
Many theories have been put forward about how animals might communicate in order to achieve this.
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