首先发现并被确认的这些恒定要素包括损害后果、因果关系和加害行为。
First discovered and identified the consequences of these constant elements include damage, causation and harm behavior.
从某种意义上说，责任保险并没有改变侵权行为法的惩罚功能和对加害行为的抑制功能。
From certain meaning, liability insurance does not alter the punitive function and restrain injurious act function of tort law.
二人以上实施者，侵权行致同损害。个人侵权之行为，足以造成全损害。共同加害行为人，承担责任须连带。
Where two or more persons commit torts respectively, causing the same harm, and each tort is sufficient to cause the entire harm, the tortfeasors shall be liable jointly and severally.
然后分别对不同类型的共同侵权行为即共同加害行为、共同危险行为、合伙致人损害行为的构成要件进行了分析。
And then, to analyze the constituent element of different types joint act of tort as common injury act and common dangerous act and injuring others in partnership.
在数人的分别加害行为不构成一个整体原因但致受害人同一损害后果之情形，需要解决多数加害人的责任分配问题。
It is necessary to distribute liability among the several tortfeasors when their separate act did not form a whole cause but results in the victim 's same damage.
公平责任应当以公平为价值目标，以直接的加害行为作为归责基础，而以衡平作为最终确定加害人损害赔偿额的手段。
Fairness is deemed as the principle's value, direct injury as the base of culpability and equity as the last resort to determine the amount of damages paid by the wrongdoer.
受害人同意是侵权法上的重要抗辩事由之一，具有使侵害人实施加害行为而不承担侵权责任或者减轻其责任的法律效力。
The consent on torts is one the important defenses on torts, which renders the possibility that the actor could be excused from the damage upon the victim, or abate the actor's liability.
未成年人致害的损害赔偿责任，是指未成年人实施加害行为致他人损害的，未成年人及其监护人对受害人所应承担的损害赔偿责任。
This article is on the topic of the liability of compensation for damage caused by minors, which is usually shared by the minors and their guardians.
传统观点认为，被害人在被害过程中是完全无辜的，他(她)在这一加害过程中始终处于一种消极、被动地位，其被害纯粹是由于犯罪人实施了加害行为所致。
The traditional standpoint thinks that a person becomes the victim only because he has been harmed by the offender, and in the infringed process he is always placed in a negative or passive position.
当他对着摄影机述说加害于他身上的残暴行为他不自主的颤抖。
He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him.
笔者认为，恶意诉讼是指加害人故意起诉或者检举控告，使受害人限于不利司法境地，受到不利甚至不公正判决而遭致损失的诉讼行为。
The author believes that a malicious prosecution action is intentional the offender, the victim confined to adverse judicial position, or even get loss because the unjust verdict.
侵权责任即是因侵权行为的发生而由加害人依法应承担的损害赔偿责任。
The tort liability is a liability for damages that should be undertaken by the injurer for the tort.
共同危险行为的主体和主观构成要素的界定对于避免加害人范围的不当扩张具有重要的意义。
Whether the subjective requisite of dangerous act should be the element of defining the joint dangerous act is decided by the types of tort.
楼上落下物致人损害不能确认加害人，并不构成共同危险行为，也不能适用公平责任，只能对受害人实行社会救济。
When the damage to people is caused by fallen objects with an unidentified injuring person, it doesn t constitute joint dangerous act and the equitable liability doctrine can not be applied either.
共同危险行为的主体和主观构成要素的界定对于避免加害人范围的不当扩张具有重要的意义。
It is significant for avoiding expanding victims scope inappropriately to define the subject of joint dangerous act.
惩罚性赔偿是英美法系国家的一种民事救济制度，是加害人因实施侵权行为而对受害者承担的民事责任。
Punitive damages is a civil relief system in the countries of common law system. It's a civil liability which violators should take for victims because of performing torts.
加害给付是一种既造成履行利益损害，又造成固有利益损害的严重违约行为。
Injuring performance is a kind of severe action of breach of contract resulting in loss of performing benefit as well as inherent benefit.
分析了加害与被害的因果关系理论，提出了被害人过错行为对因果关系的影响；
The author also discusses the influences of the fault of the victim on causality by analyzing the causality between inflictions and suffering injuries.
分析了加害与被害的因果关系理论，提出了被害人过错行为对因果关系的影响；
The author also discusses the influences of the fault of the victim on causality by analyzing the causality between inflictions and suffering injuries.
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