前言：目的：建立采用第一极体植入前染色体非整倍体诊断的方法。
Objective: To establish the method of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) by use of first polar bodies.
现在存在的所有Y染色体都来自于一个被认为生活在大约14万年前的同一祖先。
All Y chromosomes in existence today are descended from a single ancestor's who is thought to have lived about 140,000 years ago.
令人惊讶的是，他们发现曾是蒙古帝国疆域，每12个人中就有一人携带追溯到千年前的蒙古基因的Y染色体。
To their astonishment, they found that one out of every twelve Asian men in regions once part of the Mongol empire carry a form of the Y chromosome that can be traced to Mongolia a thousand years ago.
令人惊讶的是，他们发现曾是蒙古帝国疆域，每12个人中就有一人携带追溯到千年前的蒙古基因的Y染色体。
To their astonishment, they found that one out of every twelve Asian men in regions once part of the Mongol empire carry a form of the y.
目的分析胎儿染色体异常出现的频率及与前产诊断指征的关系。
To study the frequency of the abnormal chromosome, and to investigate the relationship between the indications of prenatal diagnosis and abnormal karyotypes.
染色体易位植入前基因检测能够区分正常和异常染色体的胚胎。
Preimplantation genetic testing for chromosomal translocations is able to distinguish between chromosomally normal and abnormal embryos.
目前，这是在怀孕前确定染色体是否正常或“平衡”的唯一方法。
Currently, this is the only way to determine whether the embryo is chromosomally normal or "balanced", prior to pregnancy.
还探讨了影响前中期C-分带制备的关键因素，提出了黄瓜前中期染色体C-分带的实用制备方法。
Some factors affecting the band formation were investigated and a practical procedure of C-banding of prometaphase chromosome was proposed.
在将近30年前，Szostak开始与Blackburn合作，研究池塘单细胞生物四膜虫的染色体尖端。
Nearly three decades ago, Szostak began to collaborate with Blackburn, looking at the tips of the chromosome of a single-celled, pond-dwelling organism called Tetrahymena.
该方法为常染色体显性多囊肾疾病行胚胎植入前遗传学诊断提供了依据。
It provide an evidence of using this technique for the PGD for ADPKD.
胚胎移植前遗传学诊断（PGD）起源于90年代初，是怀孕的夫妇防止胎儿受到异常基因或染色体影响的一种有效措施。
PGD was first performed in the early 1990's as a way for couples to prevent the pregnancy of a child with genetic disease.
胚胎移植前遗传学诊断（PGD）起源于90年代初，是怀孕的夫妇防止胎儿受到异常基因或染色体影响的一种有效措施。
PGD was first performed in the early 1990's as a way for couples to prevent the pregnancy of a child with genetic disease.
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