在30多年来，这是参议院首次对因为对美国玉米生产者和乙醇制造商补贴而产生的60亿美元的税收缺口发出挑战。
This is the first time in over three decades that the Senate has challenged the sacrosanct $6 billion-a-year tax break for American corn-growers and ethanol producers.
西班牙是世界上最红火的太阳能市场，它有着对制造商的慷慨补贴，充足的阳光和来自居民的“吸电”空调的强烈（电力）需求。
Spain is the world's hottest solar market, with generous subsidies for manufacturers, plentiful sunshine and heavy demand from residents for energy-sucking air conditioning.
多年来，移动运营商玩着一场微妙的游戏，在手机制造商的品牌影响力与自身对客户关系的控制和对手机的补贴意愿之间寻找平衡。
For years mobile phone operators played a delicate game, balancing the power of phone manufacturers' brands against their own control of customer relationships and a willingness to subsidise handsets.
德国汽车制造商制造了最大最快的车，因此他们不得不花血本来减少排放物以此来得到补贴。
The German makers, who build the biggest, fastest cars, and are therefore having to spend most to reduce their emissions, are in favour of such a subsidy.
手机制造商和电信运营商说，为了降低手机价格和补贴，多元化是必需的。
Handset makers and telecom operators say diversification is needed to bring down the cost of handsets and subsidies.
英特尔以营销补贴的形式给Dell和其他PC制造商们大量的折扣，保证他们的忠实度。
Intel rewards Dell and other PC-makers with generous discounts, in the form of marketing subsidies, to keep them loyal.
华盛顿可能会确定，动用纳税人资金为底特律汽车制造商提供补贴的目的是增加市场上省油、高科技汽车的数量。
Washington could decide the goal in providing taxpayer-financed subsidies to the Detroit auto makers is to increase the number of fuel efficient and high technology cars on the market.
当然，这也是有代价的：oppo没有披露其总补贴的规模或其利润率，这可能低于其他智能手机制造商。
That has its costs, of course: OPPO does not disclose the size of its total subsidies nor its profit margin, which may be low compared with other smartphone makers.
但是，华尔街的分析师们担心，汽车制造商可能会又走上老路，比如生产过剩，或者用高昂的奖励措施补贴销售。
But there are concerns among Wall Street analysts that automakers may fall back into bad habits such as overproduction or subsidizing sales with heavy incentives.
从美国到澳大利亚的十几个国家也在补贴四面楚歌的汽车制造商或汽车经销商。
And a dozen countries, from the United States to Australia, are subsidizing embattled automakers or car dealers.
这当然有其代价，OPPO并没有公开其补贴规模和利润率，相比其他制造商，其利润率应该比较低。
That has its costs, of course: OPPO does not disclose the size of its total subsidies nor its profit margin, which may be low compared with other smartphone makers.
制造商针对不同的零售商怎样制定补贴策略?。
How do manufacturers make the replenishing policy to different retailer?
此外，亚马逊可以利用数字内容得来的交叉补贴降低Fire的价格。这一点是那些不内容的平板电脑制造商对手所无法做到的。
Moreover, Amazon can use cross-subsidies from the sale of digital content to keep the price of the Fire down, something that rival tablet-makers who do not sell content cannot do.
此外，亚马逊可以利用数字内容得来的交叉补贴降低Fire的价格。这一点是那些不内容的平板电脑制造商对手所无法做到的。
Moreover, Amazon can use cross-subsidies from the sale of digital content to keep the price of the Fire down, something that rival tablet-makers who do not sell content cannot do.
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