冯塔讷、狄更斯、左拉和莫泊桑都是这种扩张的受益人，然而瓦格纳却不得不依赖艺术家传统的靠山——皇家恩庇。

Fontane, Dickens, Zola and Maupassant were all beneficiaries of that expansion, though Wagner had to rely on the artist's traditional prop of royal patronage.

youdao

冯塔讷、狄更斯、左拉和莫泊桑都是这种扩张的受益人，然而瓦格纳却不得不依赖艺术家传统的靠山——皇家恩庇。

Fontane, Dickens, Zola and Maupassant were all beneficiaries of that expansion, though Wagner had to rely on the artist's traditional prop of royal patronage.

youdao