大多数介入其中的星系就像透镜一样发挥作用，所以“引力透镜”因此得名；同时经过的光线会发生各种各样离奇的效应。
The mass of the intervening galaxy acts like a lens, hence the term, and it can have all sorts of weird effects on the light.
这是利用望远镜展示名为“牛顿圈”的光学效应，折射光线彼此干涉，形成了这些条纹。
This is the view through a telescope demonstrating the optical effect known as Newton's Rings, whereby reflected light rays interfere with one another and produce a pattern.
利用牛顿关于光和重力的理论，他们分析出当一个星球足够大的时候，其引力效应可以将光线完全捕获。
Using Newton's concepts of light and gravity, they reasoned that the gravitational pull of a massive star could grow large enough to prevent light from escaping.
当太阳接近地平面，光线穿越最浓密的大气层时，这种效应就会加强。
This effect is magnified when the sun is close to the horizon and its light passes through the densest atmospheric layers.
驻波是曝光中的寄生效应，是光线垂直入射到不同的平行平面介质层之间，经多次反射并干涉形成的。
Standing wave is parasitic effect of exposure, generated by multi reflection and interference of rays vertically incident upon parallel medium layers.
它是用一个放大的镜头拍摄的，反映的是外界光线透过窗玻璃上的露珠产生的效应。
Captured using a magnifying lens, the photo shows the effect of outside light on droplets of dew in a windowpane.
平行光通过折射率存在梯度的场，光线产生偏转，即产生云纹效应。
The method is based on measuring the deflection of rays from a collimated light beam due to gradients in refractive index.
本文对逼真图形生成过程中所使用的光线跟踪法作了系统的介绍，并对其中的阴影测试及抗阶梯效应的几种改进方法作了说明。
Ray tracing, used during generating realistic images, is systematically introduced in this article. And some improving methods are given for shadow test and antialiasing.
光线倾斜入射时，膜层不可避免地会产生偏振效应。
When used at oblique angles of incidence, the reflectance and transmittance of thin films exhibit strong polarization effects.
当太阳、月亮东升或西落时，这种效应沿长长视线的方向累积，造成部份光线传播方向出现较大幅度的改变，最后叠出这种扭曲的影像。
Acting over long sight-lines to the rising and setting Sun or Moon, the refraction significantly alters the path of light rays creating merged, distorted images.
研制出具有法拉第磁光效应的BSO晶体光纤，利用光线分析和琼斯矩阵方法对BSO晶体光纤进行了理论分析和实验验证。
The BSO crystal fiber having magneto-optical Faraday effect is developed. This effect is analysed theoretically by ray-analysis and Jones-matrix method, and proved experimentally.
研制出具有法拉第磁光效应的BSO晶体光纤，利用光线分析和琼斯矩阵方法对BSO晶体光纤进行了理论分析和实验验证。
The BSO crystal fiber having magneto-optical Faraday effect is developed. This effect is analysed theoretically by ray-analysis and Jones-matrix method, and proved experimentally.
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