债券保险商已经付出了代价。
但大家可能不这样想，大家往往高度关注债券市场中的市政债券保险商。
You may think otherwise, given the markets' fevered concern over the “monoline”[2] bond insurers.
同样，例如AIG和其他债券保险商所发行的CDO互换的“尾部”风险的暴露也很难估计。
Likewise, it was hard to gauge the exposures to "tail" risks built up by sellers of swaps on CDOs such as AIG and bond insurers.
这些债券保险商明白得很，通过分拆的威胁，或许能迫使华尔街的银行对其注资以保全其完整。
The monolines know that, by threatening to break apart, they may force Wall Street Banks to stump up the cash to keep them whole.
一天之后纽约保险业管理者和各主要银行启动了一项价值几十亿美元的计划去拯救摇摇晃晃的债券保险商。
A day later the New York insurance regulator and leading Banks began work on a multi-billion-dollar plan to rescue the country's teetering bond insurers.
若这些债券保险商失去了最高的信用评级，他们担心很多债券发行商将面临更高的发行成本，这使得这些发行商难以生存。
Were the monolines to lose their top-notch ratings, they fear, many issuers could struggle to meet higher funding costs.
由于评级机构准备下调这些债券保险商的信用等级，这将使他们的业务遭到严重的打击。监管者也敦促他们，要不注入新的资金，要不就分折业务。
With rating agencies preparing to downgrade them to levels that could destroy their business, and regulators pushing for bail-outs or break-ups, the monolines' moment of truth has arrived.
该传染病的一条传染渠道是小型债券保险商（monoline bond insurers），这些保险商是假设能够保全债务的专业保险公司。
One channel of contagion involves monoline bond insurers, the specialized insurance companies that are supposed to guarantee debt.
上周，美国单一行业保险商又传出了健康运行的好消息，股市随之大振，债券息差也出现下降。
Over the past week better news about the health of America's “monoline” bond insurers caused stockmarkets to rally and bond spreads to fall.
拉美、东欧和亚洲国家的退休基金、保险商和共同基金对这类本币债券有很大兴趣。
Among other things, the rise of pension funds, insurance companies and mutual funds in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia creates an appetite for local-currency bonds.
拉美、东欧和亚洲国家的退休基金、保险商和共同基金对这类本币债券有很大兴趣。
Among other things, the rise of pension funds, insurance companies and mutual funds in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia creates an appetite for local-currency bonds.
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