这一假说是从佛洛依德与精神分析理论而来。
The Drive Reduction Theory started with Sigmund Freud and the Psychoanalysis Theory.
佛洛依德曾将自我比喻称一个骑马人和一匹马；
Sigmund Freud had used an analogy which likened the ego to a rider and a horse;
佛洛依德认为文明本身就是，每个人都想要的爱的间接积累。
Civilization itself, on Freud's view, is an indirect accumulation of the love that everybody wants.
当时，佛洛依德正在撰写他最重要的一篇论文：论自恋。
Freud was writing one of his most important papers, on Narcissism.
然后佛洛依德就会满脸通红的跑出去穿过维也纳大街，披肩随风飘扬。
And Freud would turn all red and run out through the streets of Vienna, his cape flying.
她回答：“还不错，只是我从来看见过这么多佛洛依德学者滑到。”
She replied, "Fine, but I've never seen so many Freudians slips."
唯一使我们产生分歧的是知性的仗恃和佛洛依德解释的理性。
What separates us are only intellectual 'props' and' rationalisation 'in Freud's language.
在佛洛依德的自我理论中，自我斡旋于本我、超我和外部世界之间。
In Freud's theory, the ego mediates among the id, the super-ego and the external world.
佛洛依德的问题是这样的，你可以在两种情况下拒绝接受一个理论。
The problems with Freud go like this. There are two ways you could reject a theory.
佛洛依德说过，焦虑是你对一件小事的容忍的不合理的反应，就像它是条危险的蛇。
Anxiety, Freud is said to have explained, is when you irrationally react to a simple stick as if it were a dangerous snake.
佛洛依德认为梦就是满足愿望的一种形式。换句话说，梦指明了我们被压抑的渴望。
Freud believed that dreams are forms of wish fulfillment-in other words, indicative of our repressed desires.
佛洛依德的理论暗示超我是一种对父亲人物和文化制约的象征性的内化。
Freud's theory implies that the super-ego is a symbolic internalization of the father figure and cultural regulations.
不管是佛洛依德还是蒂娜·菲，所有人都想搞清楚有些事为何让人觉得搞笑。
Everyone from Freud to Tina Fey has tried to understand why some things are funny.
一方面，佛洛依德的理论告诫我们，孩子是敏感、脆弱的、容易受到伤害的动物。
On the one hand the Freudians warned us that the child is VULNERABLE, kids are delicate, easily damaged creatures.
佛洛依德认为，自恋是爱的一种必然形式，正如人们现在所理解的，人类出生的太早。
Narcissism is a necessary form of love, Freud argued, because, as is now understood, human beings are born too early.
在佛洛依德的作品《文明和它的不满》(1930)中，他还讨论了“文化超我”概念。
In Sigmund Freud's work Civilization and Its Discontents (1930) he also discusses the concept of a "cultural super-ego".
最后一点尤其令人不安，因为这会使我们怀疑在我们的意识中是否潜伏着这样的愿望（谢谢佛洛依德）。
The latter is especially disconcerting, since it makes us wonder if there’s actual desire lurking somewhere in our unconscious minds. (Thanks a lot, Freud.)
这里有它的历史原因：心理学家在人文想象方面发挥着巨大的作用，这种情况甚至在佛洛依德之前就开始了。
The reasons are historical: beginning even before Freud, psychologists held enormous power over the cultural imagination.
大概是受佛洛依德心理学的影响，你们这些来自美国东海岸的人们总是觉得对一切事物的理解都可以追溯到童年时期。
In the east coast of the U.S. there's a desire to perceive everything as coming from the childhood probably due to popularity of Freudian psychology.
大概是受佛洛依德心理学的影响，你们这些来自美国东海岸的人们总是觉得对一切事物的理解都可以追溯到童年时期。
In the east coast of the U. S. there's a desire to perceive everything as coming from the childhood probably due to popularity of Freudian psychology. I don't see things that way.
否认、转移、智化、幻想、补偿、保护、合理化、反型成，压制和升华都是一些佛洛依德辨别出的防御机制。
Denial displacement intellectualization fantasy compensation projection rationalization reaction formation regression repression and sublimation were the defense mechanisms Freud identified.
否认、转移、智化、幻想、补偿、保护、合理化、反型成，压制和升华都是一些佛洛依德辨别出的防御机制。
Denial, displacement, intellectualization, fantasy, compensation, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression and sublimation were the defense mechanisms Freud identified.
简而言之，佛洛依德在”自我“的深处找到了那些驱动力的源头。没人能看见这些驱动力，除非是通过梦或神经。
To put it simply, Freud located the source of these deep inside the self, where no one could see them except through dreams and neuroses.
早在佛洛依德之前，德国诗人诺瓦利斯就已经明白：梦境能发挥出我们被压抑的幻想，这是所有生命中影像的万花筒，千变万化。
Novalis, long before Freud, understood: The dream brings out our repressed fantasy. It is the kaleidoscope of images of all life.
上溯到佛洛依德时代，一些临床心理实验证明：情感的某些层面的反应是可以被认知的，但是另外一些层面人们却无从了解。
Dating back to Freud, research from clinical psychology has revealed that some aspects of emotional states can be reported and that others can not.
想象一下，当U2，滚石乐队，珍妮·杰克逊，或是平克·佛洛依德，在50000名歌迷的翘首企盼中登上舞台，将会激起什么波澜。
Think of what happens when U2, the Rolling Stones, Janet Jackson, or Pink Floyd enters the stage in front of a crowd of 50,000.
心理分析的重要性甚至能在布宜诺斯艾利斯的地理分布中得到体现：许多心理分析师都聚集在一个名为佛洛依德公馆(Villa Freud)的地区附近。
Psychoanalysis is embedded in the geography of Buenos Aires, where many analysts are clustered in a neighborhood popularly known as Villa Freud.
心理分析的重要性甚至能在布宜诺斯艾利斯的地理分布中得到体现：许多心理分析师都聚集在一个名为佛洛依德公馆(Villa Freud)的地区附近。
Psychoanalysis is embedded in the geography of Buenos Aires, where many analysts are clustered in a neighborhood popularly known as Villa Freud.
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