进行了黄瓜单（双单）倍体染色体加倍试验。
The chromosome doubling of haploid and double haploid in cucumber was studied.
枫糖尿症是支链氨基酸代谢异常的体染色体隐性遗传疾病。
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), or branched-chain ketoaciduria, is an autosomal recessive disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism.
这些囊胚细胞，称卵裂球，每个细胞都有一套二倍体染色体组。
The cells of the blastula, called blastomeres, also each receive a full diploid set of chromosomes.
以外周血淋巴细胞制备染色体标本，人工复合三倍体鲤染色体数为150，其亲本红鲤、红鲫和散鳞镜鲤的二倍体染色体数均为100。
Chromosome preparations made from leucocyte cultures showed that the artificial multiple triploid carp has a chromosomal number of 150, and all the fore parental forms have 100.
当每次染色体分裂时——即当每次一个细胞分裂成两个时——染色体的尾部，也就是端区，就会发生断裂。
Every time the Chromosome divides—every time one cell divides into two—pieces of the ends of the Chromosome, the telomere, get broken off.
术语“同源的”用于描述相似染色体或染色体部分之间的关系。
The term "homeologous", is used to describe the relationship of similar chromosomes or parts of chromosomes.
四倍体是指在细胞顶部包含4组染色体的细胞。
Tetraploidy means cells containing 4 sets of chromosomes atop.
为了检查一个卵细胞的染色体是否异常，医生用激光在卵细胞外膜上切一小口，通过这个小口抽取极体及其所含的染色体。
To check an egg for chromosomal abnormalities, doctors use a laser to make a small incision in the outer membrane, which allows them to extract the polar body and the chromosomes it contains.
这项新技术用于检查极体中的染色体是否异常。
该病属常染色体隐性遗传，与X-染色体关联，所以，母亲是基因携带者的男性表现为发病。
The disease is autosomal-recessive and linked to the X-chromosome, so that men whose mothers are carriers of the gene manifest the disease.
我们认为区别只会在染色体中，但是事实上我们在染色体组中都发现了差别。
We had thought that the differences were only going to be in defined areas of the chromosome but in fact we found differences all over the genome, "Dr Lawniczak said."
我们认为区别只会在染色体中，但是事实上我们在染色体组中都发现了差别。
We had thought that the differences were only going to be in defined areas of the chromosome but in fact we found differences all over the genome, " Dr Lawniczak said.
目前，研究人员正在分析这种疾病的染色体结构，并已识别出它的染色体组型。
The team is working on the disease's chromosome structure and has just identified the karyotype. (Karyotypes are pictures of cellular chromosomes that are used to check for abnormalities.)
由于MeCP2位于X染色体上，所以他们选择研究雄性老鼠，因为雌性老鼠含有两个X染色体。
As MeCP2 resides on the X-chromosome, this meant studying male mice as females have two X-chromosomes.
如果我们的一条染色体是由两条灵长类染色体融合而来的话，猜猜它能有点什么？
If one of our chromosomes was formed by the fusion of two primate chromosomes, you know what it would have?
而如果这是真的，我们希望能够找到这条融为一体的染色体。
If that's true, we want to be able to find that fused chromosome.
我们身体中的大部分细胞都含有叫作染色体的DNA分子长链。染色体在其两端有保护帽，叫做端粒。
Most of the cells in our bodies contain long molecules of DNA called chromosomes that have protective caps at either end called telomeres.
不过我们也认识到，这一物种毕竟是一种多倍体(即存在多套染色体)，因此还存在较大的缓冲空间。
But we have the knowledge that the species is a polyploid [has extra chromosomes], so hopefully it has plenty of resilience.
如果我们把她的染色体组合正常的染色体比较的话，我们有可能会发现不同的基因，从而发现基因的功能，从而找出对抗衰老的方法。
If we can compare her genome to the normal version then we might be able to find those genes and see exactly what they do and how to control them.
然而，在2000年，科学家曾宣布，X染色体和Y染色体曾经是同卵双胞胎。
However, in 2000, scientists announced that the X and Y chromosomes were once a pair of identical twins.
布莱克本和卓斯塔克测定，端粒中一段特殊的DNA序列在细胞分裂染色体自我复制时保护了染色体免受损耗。
Blackburn and Szostak determined that it was a specific DNA sequence in the telomeres that kept chromosomes from fraying whenever they were copied when a cell splits in two.
1号染色体最大，与其他染色体相比来说，含有最大数量的基因。
Chromosome 1 is the biggest and contains, per chromosome, the greatest number of genes.
有两条染色体(染色体x和染色体y)参与到这个过程中，这些染色体的组合将会决定婴儿的性别。
There are two chromosomes (chromosome X and chromosome y) involved in this process, and a combination of these chromosomes will determine the gender of the baby.
佩奇博士说：“自然选择塑造了Y染色体，50年来，我们为Y染色体的退化争论不休，自然选择论更是加剧了这种争论。
“Natural selection is shaping the Y and keeping it vital to a degree that is really at odds with the idea of the last 50 years of a rotting Y chromosome, ” Dr. Page said.
携带基因的DNA线型分子构成染色体，染色体端粒位于染色体末端。
The thread-like DNA molecules that carry genes are packed into chromosomes, the telomeres being the caps on their ends.
这种植物种群数量的“大爆炸”是在古代植物染色体组加倍时发生的。染色体组加倍给植物提供了大量具有新功能的基因，这些新基因又形成了新特性。
These "big bangs" in plant evolution occurred when the genomes of ancient plants duplicated, providing vast Numbers of new genes that could take on new functions and lead to new traits.
这种植物种群数量的“大爆炸”是在古代植物染色体组加倍时发生的。染色体组加倍给植物提供了大量具有新功能的基因，这些新基因又形成了新特性。
These "big bangs" in plant evolution occurred when the genomes of ancient plants duplicated, providing vast Numbers of new genes that could take on new functions and lead to new traits.
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