生物体：任何可以复制或传递基因物质的生物实体。
Organism: Any biological entity capable of replication or of transferring genetic material.
他们是通过将老鼠基因改造使其更易于传递基因突变达到这个效果的。
They did this by genetically modifying mice to make them prone to passing on genetic mutations.
我们知道，准确性是基因传递中的一个必要原则。
We know fidelity is an essential principle of genetic transmission.
现在，这个问题已经通过将其直接注入细胞的方法解决了。如图所示，这是基因传递的一个问题。
Now, the problem is solved by injecting it directly into the cell. Shown here, that's one issue with gene delivery.
基因是传递生物属性和特征信息的复制因子。
Genes are replicators that pass on information about properties and characteristics of organisms.
基因是一段被复制或重组的生物信息，这种复制或重组会传递给下一代。
A gene is a piece of biological information that gets copied or replicated, and the copy or replica is passed on to the new generation.
物竞天择确保只有最适应环境的物种才得以生存下来，把基因传递给下一代。
Natural selection ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation.
因此基因经常不能传递下去，除非是准确的复制。
So a gene usually cannot be passed on, unless it's an exact copy.
表型遗传学是一种可以从细胞传递到其子细胞的基因调控方式。
Epigenetics is a type of gene regulation that can be passed from a cell to its daughters.
其中的每一组基因都在神经的不同位置上干扰神经信号的传递，但是最终都导致类似的症状。
Each of those genetic variations interferes with nerve transmission at a different location, but the illnesses they produce are all very similar.
在这件是事情上，绝对的自信可能会成为基因传递的优势，恐惧会成为很大的劣势。
Surely confidence in this matter would be an advantage to passing on genes, and a terror of it would be a great disadvantage.
组蛋白还起到了基因开关的作用，因此它们编码的信息可以被复制并且传递到细胞的其它部位。
Histones also play a role in turning genes on so that their coded instructions can be copied and sent to other parts of the cell.
从字面意义来看，杀死一个可将你的基因传递给下一代的人是没有意义的。
On the face of things it makes no sense to kill the vessels carrying your genes into the next generation.
兄妹之间通婚会将缺陷基因两份拷贝都传递给下一代，他们所生育的后代容易产生各种遗传缺陷，例如图坦卡蒙的畸形足。
Married siblings are more likely to pass on twin copies of harmful genes, leaving their children vulnerable to a variety of genetic defects. Tutankhamun's malformed foot may have been one such flaw.
基因影响行为的一个途径就是通过神经递质，这类化学物质可以在神经细胞之间传递信息。
One way genes affect behaviour is through the agency of neurotransmitters, the chemicals that carry messages between nerve cells.
这些男子自身携带的异常基因，只能通过传给自己女儿的x染色体继续传递下去。
Men who carry the faulty genes can only pass them on through their X chromosome to their daughters.
人们越来越清楚的认识到，性格和才智，至少部分是具有遗传性的。所以假设乐观与悲观的倾向在某种程度上通过基因传递着。
That personality, along with intelligence, is at least partly heritable is becoming increasingly clear; so, presumably, the tendency to be happy or miserable is, to some extent, passed on through DNA.
在进化学说中有一个信条，那就是生物基因的微小改变将会传递给后代。
A central tenet of evolution is that small changes in an organism's genome can be passed on to subsequent generations.
哺乳动物细胞对双链RNA不识别意味着可用短发卡RNA来阻断信使RNA,从而使相应基因的信号无法传递。
This aversity to double-stranded RNA means short hairpins can be used to knock out the messengers, thus nullifying the signal from the underlying gene.
研究人员尚不清楚这些基因所携带的信息是如何从公鼠传递到其子女身上。
Researchers don't yet understand how the genetic information is transferred from father to child and even when they do, the work can't stop with mice.
基因标记会在短时间内将新特性传递给下一代。
These genetic imprints can short-circuit evolution and pass along new traits in a single generation.
该病毒在4000万年前就已经感染我们的猴子祖先，从此它的基因被传递下来。
The virus infected our monkey-like ancestors 40 million years ago, and its genes have been passed down ever since.
在动物世界里，这种结合使他们一代一代繁衍下来(survive)，母亲基因也一代一代传递下去。
In animals which help their offspring to survive, the bond is essential to passing the mother's genes on to the next generation.
选择和自己长相相近的伴侣对你有利，因为这保证你能尽可能地把自己的基因传递给后代。
Choosing a partner with similar traits to you is advantageous, as it ensures that your genes are more likely to be transmitted to future generations. Patricia D. Duncan.
它可促使DNA基因单链复制，这被称作信使RNA（mRNA），它会传递信息给细胞产生蛋白质。
It makes single-stranded copies of DNA’s genes, called mRNA, which tell the cell to produce proteins.
它可促使DNA基因单链复制，这被称作信使RNA（mRNA），它会传递信息给细胞产生蛋白质。
It makes single-stranded copies of DNA’s genes, called mRNA, which tell the cell to produce proteins.
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