除了人类的基因组，交叉物种的对比同样有巨大的价值。
And not only human genomes. Cross-species comparisons are enormously valuable.
现代技术已经把人类送上了月球，也破解了人类的基因组。
Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome.
一旦人类的基因组谱图绘制完成，人们将希望改变自己的基因。
Once the recipe for humanity is fully worked out, people will want to try changing it.
这可能解释为什么人类的基因组没有尼安得特人的痕迹，即便这两个物种在一起生活了几千年。
This would explain why the human genome has no trace of Neanderthal DNA despite the two similar species living close together for millennia.
人类的基因组序列于2001年被完全破译，而就在去年秋季，黑猩猩的基因组序列的破译也告完工。
The sequencing of the human genome was completed in 2001 whereas that of the chimpanzee genome was finished last autumn.
因此在上一个十年里，我们得到了大量的基因组序列：大多数人类病原体，数种植物，多种昆虫和哺乳动物，包括人类的基因组。
So in the last decade, a large number of genomes have been added: most human pathogens, a couple of plants, several insects and several mammals, including the human genome.
由于已经拥有了人类的基因组，研究者可以将黑猩猩和人类的DNA排列起来，一个个地观察，研究4千万年的进化事件怎样将他们和我们分开。
With the human genome already in hand, researchers could begin to line up chimp and human DNA and examine, one by one, the 40 million evolutionary events that separate them from us.
人类基因组计划是将人类的基因组DNA序列分为大小为150-200碱基片段，装载到定位重叠的细菌克隆中，力求每个克隆序列的准确率大于99.9%。
For Human Genome Project planning digested human gene DNA sequence into many 150-200bp fragments, and reconstructed into the germ clone and to be sure the accuracy is over 99.9%.
有了计算机的帮助，基因组学的研究人员能够预测基因的位置，并且比较两种基因组，比如黑猩猩与人类的基因组，以确定对进化具有重要意义的基因序列——进而获得关于基因组如何工作的新见解。
With their help, genomics researchers predict gene locations and compare, say, chimp and human genomes to identify sequences of evolutionary importance-deriving new insights about how genomes work.
由位于加利福尼亚州霍华德·休斯医学研究所大卫·豪斯勒所领导的研究小组将人类的基因组同包括灵长类动物在内的一些哺乳动物的基因组进行对比，并将研究的结果发表在《自然》杂志上。
A team led by David Haussler of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in California, compared the human genome with that of mammals including other primates. They reported the results in Nature.
人类基因组的序列现已测定。
如果你有突变体基因，那这个突变基因有可能和人类基因组中的有利基因共同表达。
If you have the mutant gene, that might be co-expressed with favourable components of the human genome.
人类基因组计划是否影响社会的道德标准呢？
Does the Human Genome Project affect the moral standards of society?
它们位于人类基因组的核心之外，由于在每个细胞内它们的存在都数以百千计，因此它们的DNA就特别容易被检测到。
They lie outside the nucleus that houses the main human genome, and because there may be hundreds of them in each cell, their DNA is particularly easy to detect.
在这家生物技术中心，许多转基因克隆兔子都被用于研究工作，这些兔子的基因组内都加入了人类基因。
Many of those used in the research at the biotechnological centre are clones of genetically-modified rabbits, which have had human genes added to their genomes.
最后，似乎很少或根本没有人认为喜爱以转基因作物逆转座子横行与人类和家畜的形式来发泄到人类基因组之上的浩劫。
Finally, little or no thought seems to have been given to the havoc that could be wreaked upon the human genome by GM crop retrotransposon running amok within humans and farm animals.
为了使他们充份了解所要研究的基因片段，他们工作的重心放在已被人类基因组计划充分研究的13，000段基因片段。
They focused their efforts on just over 13, 000 genes that have been well enough studied by the Human Genome Project for their DNA sequences to be known accurately.
他们对西伯利亚洞穴的单个人类手指的线粒体基因组进行了排序。
They sequenced the mitochondrial genome of a single human finger from a Siberian cave.
与人类基因组不同，这种次生的密码至今还未被绘出图谱。
Unlike the human genome, however, the epigenetic code hasn't been mapped.
人类基因组的80000基因最终被几乎全部测序。
Finally, the 80, 000 genes of the human genome are nearly sequenced.
美国这个研究小组把人类完整的基因组与来自黑猩猩，猕猴和小鼠的DNA序列相比较。
The us team compared the complete human genome with sequences from the chimp, macaque and mouse.
这个“黑暗的基因组”的范围显然在2001年，当人类基因组是首次出版。
The scope of this "dark genome" became apparent in 2001, when the human genome was first published.
但是，这却是人类基因组工程预算的四分之一。
But it is only about a quarter of what the Human Genome Project cost.
把这些基因看为人类基因组扩展的一部分也不是纯属诡辩。
Nor is it pure sophistry to think of these genes as part of an extended human genome.
找到克服癌症的方法，是人类基因组计划带给人们最大的希望之一。
ONE of the great hopes nurtured by the Human Genome Project was that it would crack cancer open.
人们面临的挑战不再是收集信息，而是挖掘数据以回答特定研究问题——例如人类基因组比果蝇的基因组小如此多的矛盾。
The challenge is no longer collecting information, but mining the data to answer specific research questions - such as the paradox of the human genome being so much smaller than that of a fruit fly.
人们面临的挑战不再是收集信息，而是挖掘数据以回答特定研究问题——例如人类基因组比果蝇的基因组小如此多的矛盾。
The challenge is no longer collecting information, but mining the data to answer specific research questions - such as the paradox of the human genome being so much smaller than that of a fruit fly.
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