哥伦比亚大学商学院企业管理学教授埃里克·亚伯拉罕森(EricAbrahamson)说，尽管做无用功本身不会创造什么价值，但它会给劳动者带来个体价值。

Eric Abrahamson, a professor of management at Columbia Business School, said though busywork has no inherent productivity value, "it may have an individual value for the person who is doing it."

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哥伦比亚商学院(ColumbiaBusinessSchool)管理学教授埃里克·亚伯拉罕森(EricAbrahamson)表示：“在完全有序与完全无序之间存在一个最佳平衡点。”

Eric Abrahamson, Professor of Management at Columbia Business School and author of a new book a Perfect Mess, says: "There is a sweet spot between complete order and complete disorder."

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40岁的法蒂玛·布耶森也有同样的痛苦感受，她同丈夫亚伯拉罕以及两个女儿在J 22棚屋住了一年多。

Among those suffering is Fatima Booysen, 40, who has lived in shack J22 with her husband, Abraham, and two daughters for more than a year.

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40岁的法蒂玛·布耶森也有同样的痛苦感受，她同丈夫亚伯拉罕以及两个女儿在J 22棚屋住了一年多。

Among those suffering is Fatima Booysen, 40, who has lived in shack J22 with her husband, Abraham, and two daughters for more than a year.

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