现在科学家们正在着手建造下一代的火星探测器，但在火箭升空之前，研究者们还要在火星上挑一个着陆点。
Now, scientists are building the next rover to be sent to Mars. But before they fuel the rockets, researchers have to pick a spot to explore.
之前很少有研究者在机器人制造中用到软塑料，部分的原因是很难由这类材质造型出细小而精确的部件。
Few researchers have used soft plastic in robotics before, partly because it can be difficult to shape small, precise parts out of such materials.
据研究者声称，在这项研究之前没什么证据表明苔藓的生长和气候有这么紧密的联系。
Until this study, the researchers write, there was little evidence to suggest the moss responded so strongly to the climate.
之所以会出现这种情景，研究者们解释说，是因为人类具有双视觉系统：我们的大脑能在眼睛看到之前察觉到事物。
The reason, the researchers say, is that we have a dual vision system. Our brains "see" things well before our eyes do.
粒子物理界现在正为一则消息而喧闹不已，那就是美国唯一的粒子物理实验室的研究者们似乎发现了一种之前从未见过的诡异粒子。
The particle physics world is abuzz with the news that researchers at the United States's sole particle physics lab may have spotted a weird particle unlike any seen before.
研究者认为，考虑到当时文字是“神奇和神秘”的情况，这一个作品仅是由于3,500年之前的一个垃圾堆着火的缘故才得以留存。
Considered "magical or mysterious" in its time, the writing survives only because a trash heap caught fire some 3,500 years ago, according to researchers.
这些发现可能说明灵长目进化及变种的过程很长，这是之前没有考虑到的。但是研究者们声称在非洲早些时候的这些位置并没有出现类人猿。
The findings might suggest these primates spent far more time evolving and diversifying than before considered, but the researchers contend that anthropoids seem absent at earlier sites in Africa.
但是在John Marzluff对此感兴趣之前，研究者还从未严格地测试野生乌鸦辨识人类的能力。
But researchers had never rigorously tested a wild crow's ability to recognize people until John Marzluff got interested.
Powell对研究者的方法并不熟知，但是他猜想他们在获取资源之前，应该是首先对污水进行热处理的。
Powell is not familiar with the researchers' method, but said he guesses that they are first heat-treating the sewage before they reap its resources.
研究者之所以让女性志愿者吃苹果，是因为之前在动物身上的实验表明此举有益身体健康。
Researchers chose to study apples in human volunteers, because previous data from animal studies had suggested health benefits. Reported webmd.
为了观察被试当时的真实感受，研究者已经在他们写这些简短描述之前和之后秘密地对他们进行了测量。
To see how they were feeling in the moment, participants were given surreptitious measures both before and after writing these short descriptions.
为了评估志愿者成长环境的影响，研究者根据志愿者15岁之前在大城市，城镇或者农村生活时间的长短，为每个人制定了一个大城市指数。
To assess any effect of where the volunteers grew up, the researchers assigned each an "urbanicity" score based on how many years they'd spent by age 15 in a city, town or rural area.
研究者在分析中特别仔细，他们尝试排除认知力下降发生在社会孤立之前或者导致社会孤立的可能性，而不是相反的情况。
The researchers were especially careful in their analysis to try to rule out the possibility that cognitive decline precedes, or causes, social isolation, and not the reverse.
气候及健康方面的研究者，之前已经指出气候变化对健康的影响。
Climate and health researchers have previously pointed out the health effects of climate change.
每个盘子的食物在正式端上桌之前都被称了重量，在客人用餐完毕后，盘子被端了回来，研究者们又称取了剩下食物的重量。
Each plate of food was weighed before it went out to a customer and when it came back to calculate how much food was left over.
更重要的是，研究者们发现，核心记忆区域，即关注重点，有三项职能。这跟之前研究中所说的两项职能不一样。
But more importantly, they found that the core region, called the focus of attention, has three roles - not two as proposed by previous researchers.
虽然其他研究者之前曾经将果糖转化成为羟甲基糠醛，但是杜米斯克的研究小组进行了一系列改进，提高了羟甲基糠醛的产出量，并且其中提取过程更加简单。
Although other researchers had previously converted fructose into HMF, Dumesic's research group made a series of improvements that raised the HMF output, and also made the HMF easier to extract.
研究者们正在越来越多的想治疗早期老年痴呆症的最佳时间，在大脑中形成毒蛋白质杀死更多的脑细胞之前。
Researchers increasingly think the best time to treat Alzheimer's is in the earliest stages, before the toxic proteins that form in the brain kill too many brain cells.
诺维信的高层称，我们让研究者们很明确的了解到，能够让新型生物酶推出市场，在其他可行方式出现之前，是非常重要的。
Novozymes executives say they have made it plain to the researchers the importance of getting the enzymes to the market before another method is shown to work.
替代了之前把实验鼠的皮肤细胞变为干细胞的状态，然后再形成心脏细胞器官，研究者直接把皮肤细胞转变为心脏细胞。
Instead of taking mouse skin cells all the way back to a stem cell state and then coaxing the cells to form heart tissue, the researchers switched the cells directly from skin to heart cells.
狗这样表现可不只是因为他们得不到奖赏，研究者稍后单独测验了狗狗们的表现，发现此条件下那妒火中烧的狗在停下不做之前合作了更长的时间。
To show this was not just because the animals were not getting food, the researchers then tested the dogs alone and found that in this situation the envious canines cooperated longer before stopping.
研究者在周一表示，当我们在阅读时，我们的眼睛并不是如之前所说的按照从左至右的顺序浏览整页文章，而是把眼睛锁定在同一单词的不同字母上。
When we read our eyes lock on to different letters in the same word instead of scanning a page smoothly from left to right as previously thought, researchers said on Monday.
研究者将此称为“禁果假说”，这种假说基于之前的研究即人们发现禁区的事情更令人渴望。
The researchers call this the "forbidden fruit hypothesis," based upon previous research that has demonstrated that people find things more desirable when they off-limits or forbidden.
这群研究者之前对于自闭症个体的研究也有着类似的结果，自闭症个体最强的能力是感知觉，而非语言能力。
A previous study by the same group found very similar results for autistic individuals as well, whose peaks of ability are perceptual, rather than verbal as in Asperger individuals.
灵长目动物研究者们很早之前就猜测，很多人类才具备的社会行为源自灵长目动物系谱。
Primate researchers have long guessed that many of the social behaviours that are seen in humans have a basis in our primate lineage.
研究者的建议是谨慎小心，在坐下来吃东西之前，清醒地考虑你的健康目标，以免过度放纵的胃。
The authors'advice for staying on track: be mindful. Consciously thinking about your personalhealth goals before sitting down to eat may help you refrain fromoverindulging.
基于之前的研究，很多研究者认为新神经元可以稳固记忆回路，或者是在其他未知方面作为形成新记忆所必须的部分。
On the basis of previous studies, many researchers think new neurons stabilize memory circuits or are somehow otherwise necessary to form new memories.
LS9之前报道了用细菌生产碳氢原料，但这次是研究者首次揭秘他们是如何做的。
LS9 had previously reported using bacteria to produce hydrocarbon fuel, but this is the first time the researchers have revealed how they did it.
大脑研究者同样根据之前扫描的海马活动图像判断志愿者扫描时回忆的短暂视频信号。
Brain researchers also identified the short video clip volunteers were remembering during a scanning session based on the patterns of hippocampal activity recorded during earlier sessions.
大脑研究者同样根据之前扫描的海马活动图像判断志愿者扫描时回忆的短暂视频信号。
Brain researchers also identified the short video clip volunteers were remembering during a scanning session based on the patterns of hippocampal activity recorded during earlier sessions.
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