实施地面等待是ATFM（空中交通流量管理）中主要采用的一种方法。
The ground-holding is one of the main methods in ATFM (Air Traffic Flow Management).
以前的研究主要集中于宏观模型，讨论交通流量及密度的变化。
In the past, the hot point is the macroscopic model, which discusses the relationships among the traffic stream variables-speed, flow and density.
第二章主要阐述交通流的理论相关知识、当前常用的交通流量预测方法。
In the second chapter, correlative knowledge of the traffic flow theory and current traffic flow forecast methods are introduced.
观测结果显示，目前对藏羚迁移的主要干扰因素为：交通设施自身的屏障作用、人为活动、公路交通流量、未清理施工现场及未恢复植被等。
The main impacts on seasonal migration of Tibetan antelopes were physical barrier of the infrastructure, human activities, un-cleared land surface, un-recovered vegetation, traffic flow and so on.
观测结果显示，目前对藏羚迁移的主要干扰因素为：交通设施自身的屏障作用、人为活动、公路交通流量、未清理施工现场及未恢复植被等。
The main impacts on seasonal migration of Tibetan antelopes were physical barrier of the infrastructure, human activities, un-cleared land surface, un-recovered vegetation, traffic flow and so on.
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