在一个原子的核内，中子和质子聚合在一起。
Neutrons and protons are bound together in the nucleus of an atom.
原子本身是个整体，含电子、质子、中子以及其他组成部分。
An atom itself is a complete whole, with its electrons, protons and neutrons and other elements.
给定元素的所有同位素都含有相同的质子数，但它们的中子数不同，因此它们的原子质量也不同。
All the isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons, but differ in their number of neutrons, and hence in their atomic mass.
每个原子团簇是由中子和质子组成的。
重水之所以重是因为水中氢的重量是普通氢的两倍（它的原子核中有一个质子和一个中子，而不仅仅是一个质子）。
Heavy water is heavy because the hydrogen in it weighs twice as much as ordinary hydrogen (it has a proton and a neutron in its nucleus, instead of just a proton).
原子内的一个中子衰变后会产生一个质子、一个电子和一个中微子。
When a neutron inside an atom decays, it produces a proton, an electron, and a neutrino.
但有时宇宙射线会撞击氮原子，赋予它一个额外的中子。
But sometimes a cosmic ray will collide with a nitrogen atom, giving it an extra neutron.
这架望远镜被命名为“冰立方”，其工作原理是：当一个微中子撞击冰中的水分子原子时，望远镜就会探测这些罕见的场合中产生的闪光。
Called IceCube, it will work by detecting the flashes of light generated on those rare occasions when a neutrino hits one of the atoms in a molecule of water in the ice.
当这些中子击中另外的铀原子时，原子又产生裂变，产生新的中子，依次类推。
When one of these neutrons hits another uranium atom, that atom can split, generating more neutrons and so on.
在核反应堆芯，自由中子连续撞击轴原子，从而产生大量热量。
In the core, uranium atoms are bombarded with free neutrons producing immense heat.
同时还需要足够多的、可裂变的原子核用于中子进行撞击，换句话说，需要一个临界质量。
There also need to be enough fissionable atoms about for the neutrons to bumpinto—in other words, a critical mass.
在各种钨同位素原子里有74质子，但有着不同的中子数。钨- 182有108个中子，而钨- 184有110个中子。
Isotopes of tungsten each have 74 protons in their atoms but different Numbers of neutrons - tungsten-182 has 108 neutrons, while tungsten-184 has 110.
中子的速度越快，它所击破的原子就越少。
现在，首先我们要谈论，中子捕获的基本原理，在铀235原子的，中子捕获方面发生了什么。
Now first of all we're gonna talk about the fundamentals of the neutron capture and what happens in the neutron capture of a uranium 235 atom.
一个撞击铀235原子的中子，释放出一些γ，和一些中子，创造出2个裂变碎片,那它们自己会有出现的分布。
A neutron striking a uranium 235 atom, releasing some gammas and some neutrons, creating two fission fragments which themselves have a distribution of occurrence.
具备6个质子和6个中子，碳原子数通常为12。
With six protons and six neutrons, carbon normally has an atomic number of 12.
重力作用导致核心坍缩，使得核心温度升高到将近180亿华氏度(100亿摄氏度)，将铁原子裂解成中子和中微子。
Gravity causes the core to collapse, making the core temperature rise to nearly 18 billion degrees F (10 billion degrees c), breaking the iron down into neutrons and neutrinos.
这一过程产生热，以及更多的中子(原子的构成粒子之一)。
This process generates heat and more neutrons (one of the particles that forms an atom).
这一过程释放出大量能量和更多的中子，于是继续将别的铀原子一分为二，引发连锁反应。
The process releases a lot of energy and more neutrons, which go on to split other uranium atoms, triggering a chain reaction.
但是空气中的氮气中的氮原子却会被一个叫做同位素的有着不同数量中子的氮原子所替换。
But the nitrogen in the air was replaced with a nitrogen atom with a different number of neutrons, called an isotope.
这个特征就是氧的同位素，它是由氧原子和不同数量的中子组成的。
That water signature is in the form of oxygen isotopes, atoms of oxygen with different Numbers of neutrons.
夸克是这种物质的最基本构造块之一，它被胶子束缚在一起形成亚原子粒子“混合物”，如质子和中子。
One of the fundamental building blocks of matter, called quarks, are bound together by gluons to form 'composite' subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons.
好吧，如果你有很多钱，你甚至可以把原子分成一些亚原子粒子：质子、中子和电子，但即使是这些小磁体，也还是有南北磁极。
Well, with a lot of money, you can cut even the atom into to subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons, but even these little magnets still always have one North and South magnetic pole.
嬗变过程是从铋原子中剥离出质子和中子，把铋原子重量降成金原子水平。
The process stripped protons and neutrons from the bismuth atoms, lowering the atoms' weight to that of gold atoms.
当它们被激光阱束缚时，原子被捆绑并相互靠近，模拟出中子星内的中子简并压。
When constrained within the laser trap, the atoms are bunched close together, mimicking the neutron degenerate pressure of a neutron star.
足够多的中子就会引发进一步的裂变—不是逃走，要么撞击原子，要么被没有裂开的原子吸收—演变成自动维持的过程。
When enough of these neutronsproduce further fissions—rather than escaping, bouncing off or being absorbedby atoms that do not split apart—the process becomes self-sustaining.
硼是一种可以吸收中子的元素，中子是一种存在于所有的原子核中的亚原子粒子。
Boron is an element with the ability to absorb neutrons, the sub-atomic particles that occur in the nucleus of all atoms.
聚变后形成氦以及一种称为“中子”的亚原子粒子。
They would form helium and a subatomic particle, called a neutron.
产生的新组成包括两个新原子核(副产物)、一些光子(伽马射线)以及更多的自由中子，它们是参与核裂变反应并产生能量的关键。
Those new pieces include two new nuclei (byproducts), some photons (gamma rays), but also some more free neutrons, which is the key that makes nuclear fission a good candidate to generate energy.
产生的新组成包括两个新原子核(副产物)、一些光子(伽马射线)以及更多的自由中子，它们是参与核裂变反应并产生能量的关键。
Those new pieces include two new nuclei (byproducts), some photons (gamma rays), but also some more free neutrons, which is the key that makes nuclear fission a good candidate to generate energy.
应用推荐