1991年第2版GPL的设计，同样是为了防止持有专利者利用他们的专利权以某种会使软件变得非自由的手段强加许可协议给重发布者。
GPL version 2, in 1991, was designed also to prevent patent holders from using their patents to impose licenses on redistributors in a way that would make the software non-free.
专利 ：在整个市场营销之初，包装和邮寄会伴随着任何业务，手工艺者同时也必须关注一些法律因素，如获得专利和销售许可。
Patents : On top of the general marketing, packaging and mailing that go along with any business, crafters should also focus on legal concerns such as obtaining patents and a seller's license.
在过去，竞争者或许可以利用专利阻止你销售他们生产的东西，但无法阻止你把它拆开来研究。
In the past, a competitor might use patents to prevent you from selling a copy of something they made, but they couldn't prevent you from taking one apart to see how it worked.
软件开发者没有为他们的设计申请专利和许可，而是互相征询模仿点子的许可，或者有时利用开源技术直接模仿。
Rather than patenting and licensing their designs, developers ask each other permission to mimic an idea or do so on their own, sometimes using open-source technology.
例如，如果第三方专利许可必须允许接受者分发程序，那么接受者就有责任去获得在发布程序之前的那个许可证。
For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire that license before distributing the Program.
鼓励使用不指控的规定，即，许可的发放者承诺不对第三方否则可能成为侵犯许可证书的专利使用方式而提出起诉。
Promoting the use of non-assertion covenants - that is, a pledge by the licensor not to sue a third party when using a patent that they would otherwise infringe.
本文在双寡头垄断的市场中，考察了拍卖许可制度下企业所有者的策略性授权行为对技术专利持有者的最优许可政策的影响。
This paper, in a duopoly market, investigates the impact of strategic delegation behaviors of firms owners on the optimal licensing policy for the licensor under auction mechanism.
一方面，专利技术的所有者出于自身经济利益的考虑不愿进行专利许可。
On one hand, the owners of patented technologies probably refuses to license because of taking into account their economic interests.
原告可以要求侵权者公开致歉，赔偿金依据专利所有人的利润损失或是侵权者获得利益或是专利许可使用费合理倍数计算。
The plaintiff can demand a public apology and damages which may be calculated as lost profits of the patent holder, benefits gained by the infringer or reasonable times of royalty.
许可的第二种用途是在专利权、版权和商标权的情形中，所有者(以许可的形式)将制造、复制、买卖其知识产权的权利授予另一当事方。
The second use of licensing is in patent, copyright and trademark cases whereby authority (in the form of a license) is granted by the owner to another party to make, reproduce, buy or sell the item.
然而，专利权持有者没有被要求使用或许可其技术。
However, patent holders are not required to either use or license their technology.
大多数案例中，专利权拥有者在选择许可还是自己实施其发明之间没有什么偏好，因为他可以通过收取许可费使其回报最大化。
In most cases, a patent holder has no preference between licensing and producing his invention himself because he can maximize his return through payment of the licensing fees.
版权、商标和专利权的拥有者可以许可其他人使用或生产此种物品，通常是为了收取固定的报酬和特许权使用费。
Copyright, trademark and patent holders may license others to use or produce the good, usually in return for a fixed payment and a royalty rate.
版权、商标和专利权的拥有者可以许可其他人使用或生产此种物品，通常是为了收取固定的报酬和特许权使用费。
Copyright, trademark and patent holders may license others to use or produce the good, usually in return for a fixed payment and a royalty rate.
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