对含有点缺陷的不完整晶体，通常使用原子簇方法或超原胞模拟计算方法。
For imperfect crystals with point defects, the cluster method and the supercell simulation are two methods in common use.
电子显微学已经革新了对晶体不完整性的研究。
Electron microscopy has revolutionized the study of crystal imperfections.
粗的晶体不完整性，如孪生体可用肉眼看出。
Gross crystalline imperfections like twinning are apparent to the unaided eye.
粗的晶体不完整性，如孪生体可用肉眼看出。
Gross crystalline imperfections like twinning are apparent to the unaided eye.
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