第一章，塞涅卡三论的历史背景。
Chapter I, the historical background of Seneca "s three essays."
第四章，塞涅卡三论的影响。
至于通过论据或明显的论据而奏效的说服：正如在辩证法中一方面有归纳推理，另一方面有三段论或明显的三段论一样，在修辞学中也是如此。
With regard to the persuasion achieved by proof or apparent proof: just as in dialectic there is induction on the one hand and syllogism or apparent syllogism on the other, so it is in rhetoric.
其实在笛卡尔的本体论中，世界上只有三种实体：心灵、物质和上帝。
In fact, in Cartesian ontology there are only three kinds of substance: mind, matter and God.
在《分析篇》中对这些进行了更详尽的描述；在该篇中说明了为什么这些推理中一些可进入三段论而另一些却不能。
In the Analytics a more explicit description has been given of these points; it is there shown why some of these reasonings can be put into syllogisms and some cannot.
推理论证必须由尽可能少得命题组成，比组成正常三段论的命题还要少。
The enthymeme must consist of few propositions, fewer often than those which make up the normal syllogism.
柏拉图的阶梯模型恰当地描述了三段论所蕴含的逻辑。
The model of Plato's Ladder aptly describes the logic behind the theory.
因为人们已在三个灵长类生物间发现了这种效应。最近的是在一个关于黑猩猩的研究中，它提出这种效应有进化论的根基。
Because this effect has been observed in three primate species, most recently in a study of chimpanzees, it suggests this effect has evolutionary roots.
例证法与推理论证的区别在《论题篇》中进行了明白的阐述。在该篇中，归纳推理和三段论都得到了讨论。
The difference between example and enthymeme is made plain by the passages in the Topics where induction and syllogism have already been discussed.
两种推理论证之间，存在这一种几乎被所有人完全忽略了的重要区别——一种同样存在于辩证法中的三段论之间的区别，而且也有着相似的遭遇。
There is an important distinction between two sorts of enthymemes that has been wholly overlooked by almost everybody — one that also subsists between the syllogisms treated of in dialectic.
很少有能够形成修辞学三段论基础的“必要”类型的事实。
There are few facts of the "necessary" type that can form the basis of rhetorical syllogisms.
这引发了一场批判，认为“葛梯尔反例”是极为罕见和人为制造的，但虽然如此，受葛梯尔的启发，人们已尝试去完善三段论。
This leads to the criticism that Gettier counter examples are rare and contrived, but nonetheless attempts have been made to modify the Tripartite theory in light of Gettier's work.
在那一年的三月，詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦，一个苏格兰物理学家(见上图)，发表了题为《论物理的力线》论文四个部分中的第一个部分。
In March of that year James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist (pictured above), published the first piece of a four-part paper entitled "On physical lines of force".
因此，对于知识是被确证的真实信念的说法，三段论提供了对知识的充分描述。
Therefore, in claiming that knowledge is a justified and true belief, the tripartite theory of knowledge provides an adequate description of knowledge.
这三个都是爱因斯坦的相对论中的主要观点。
好，最后一个，这是三段论。
杜宾和莫伊尼汉其实提到了在三个多世纪前亚当斯密在其先驱作品《国富论》中的原则。
When you think about it, Durbin and Moynihan are actually referring to the principles established more than three centuries ago by Adam Smith in his pioneering work "The Wealth of Nations.
这个是析取三段论，P或者Q，不是P所以。
Q This is a disjunctive syllogism. P or Q, not P therefore Q.
第三种是时间的二元论。
推理论证是一种三段论，正如每一种辩证法都或多或少地在运用三段论。
The enthymeme is a sort of syllogism, and the consideration of syllogisms of all kinds, without distinction, is the business of dialectic, either of dialectic as a whole or of one of its branches.
剩下的人则不太明白，只是把进化论、智慧生物设计论及创世说三者混为一谈。
The remainder were unsure, often mixing evolution, intelligent design and creationism together.
因此必有某种事物是一开始就存在的，也就是人们理解意义上的上帝。阿奎那前三种论证方法通常被称为一种更通用的论证的变形——宇宙论论证。
The first, second and third Ways of Aquinas’ arguments are often called variations of a more general argument, the Cosmological Argument.
有意思的是我们觉得这样的三段论更容易判断：“没有飞行的物体会是企鹅，所有企鹅都是鸟类，所以有些鸟类不是飞行物。”
Interestingly, syllogisms are easier to evaluate in the form "no flying things are penguins; all penguins are birds; so some birds are not fliers."
2005年，美国西雅图华盛顿大学的安德烈·卡奇和哈佛大学丽莎兰·德尔提出了一个更机械论观点的神秘三重性（The stateof being three）的解释。
In 2005, Andreas Karch of the University of Washington, Seattle, and Lisa Randall of Harvard University came up with a more mechanistic explanation of the mystery of threeness.
2005年，美国西雅图华盛顿大学的安德烈·卡奇和哈佛大学丽莎兰·德尔提出了一个更机械论观点的神秘三重性（The stateof being three）的解释。
In 2005, Andreas Karch of the University of Washington, Seattle, and Lisa Randall of Harvard University came up with a more mechanistic explanation of the mystery of threeness.
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