He partly credits an increasing focus on youth gangs and the way they communicate.

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He notes that children as young as six ape the ways of well-armed youth gangs.

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By addressing the multiple causes of youth violence, the goal of these UNESCO projects is to focus on the prevention of youth violence, especially involvement in gangs.

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The American-born poor also experience these facilities as safe places to escape the pull of gangs and drugs on their youth and to make meaningful connections with fellow Christians who are more knowledgeable and connected to the economic mainstream.

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The Home Office's report Ending gang and youth violence has already put a focus on early intervention to stop young people becoming involved in gangs as well as providing support to members wanting to break with their past.

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