Sleuthing for a Syndrome X gene is in its very early stages, with no successes yet.

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Men have one X and one Y, so a defective gene on the X shows itself readily.

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Bear's work in fragile X started with a chance encounter a decade ago with Emory University geneticist Stephen Warren, who discovered the gene for fragile X in 1991.

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That meant the mutation was almost certainly on a gene on the X chromosome.

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He knew that the same gene that caused fragile X also helped control protein production.

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Red-green colorblindness is far more common in men than women because it's a recessive gene carried on the X chromosome.

WSJ: New Outlook for Colorblindness

The idea of an X-Factor as the winning gene is as true for people as it is for businesses, says Poulfelt, noting individuals like Mozart, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates -- who all managed to tap into a unique skill or quality to stand out from the crowd.

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Women have two X chromosomes, and a normal copy of the gene will override the defective one.

WSJ: New Outlook for Colorblindness

Some equipment makers hope for a faster path in which doctors practicing a new medical specialty emerge to evaluate and interpret gene scans, as radiologists do with X-rays.

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George Church of Harvard Medical School is an adviser to most of the gene-sequencer makers and serves on the board of the Archon X Prize.

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