After several months, Ms. Wile consulted a specialist who found a problem: She has two small wombs instead of a single one.

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Affluent couples contracted for surrogate wombs.

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Something else of national significance happened in July 1948: Britain's National Health Service opened for business, and immediately, doctors were overrun by women with completely prolapsed wombs, toothless men, shortsighted children millions of people who had lived with inconveniences and minor disabilities that made their lives more difficult, but who couldn't previously afford to correct them.

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