The resin within the carbon layers is laced with lithium ions, so that each layer acts like an electrode, causing the positively charged lithium ions to collect in one layer when a voltage is applied, and a current to flow when the sandwich is placed in a circuit.

ECONOMIST: Carbon-composite batteries

The Gale Crater landing site at 4.59 degrees south, 137.44 degrees east, places the rover within driving distance of layers of the crater's interior mountain.

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The coins, mainly bronze Nummi, were found in layers within the clay jar, with those at the top dating from between 333-335 AD, and the coins at the bottom at least 10 years older.

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Whether filming hippos in the clear water of Mzima Spring, flamingo chicks in a dried-out soda lake or the complex layers of life within a massive baobab tree, the Roots always let their subjects tell their own stories making astonishing discoveries along the way.

ECONOMIST: Animals in Africa

It will also examine the general chemistry of the sub-surface layers, to see if it is within the limits tolerable by living things on Earth.

ECONOMIST: Exploring Mars

The end result of the changes will be multiple layers of protection designed to minimize the likelihood of a problem within batteries, prevent the spread of a problem if one does occur, and preclude any possibility of combustion leading to danger or discomfort for passengers.

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