Making the conversion with integrated circuits is much more efficient, with as little as 20% of the power being lost.

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The engineers next demonstrated the possibilities of their techniques by creating the essential components of digital integrated systems: arithmetic circuits and sequential storage, as well as the first monolithic three-dimensional integrated circuits with extreme levels of integration.

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For example, when coupled with Freescale's new Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMICs), the standby power for the newest Atom chip is 98% lower than the original.

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This glass specialist had no research, manufacturing, or marketing expertise in integrated circuits, and so, no base for competing with those who did.

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It took exactly two stops before we got to the first soccer-themed demonstration: the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits showed off the advantages of embedding chips in soccer balls, along with the shoes of the players.

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