The attack, which came as the teenagers huddled under a tree in the rain, was intended in retaliation for a July attack against Mr Williams, who declined to prosecute a suspect in that shooting, Mr McCarthy said.

BBC: Kenneth Williams (left) and Michael Ward booking photos

We now know that oak seedlings rarely thrive under mature oaks (which rain caterpillars on them), so the oak climax was just a passing phase.

WSJ: Ecology and Change: Nature Has No 'Balance' for Us to Keep | Mind & Matter