Keith Hylton of Boston University's law school estimates that the welfare-enhancing effect of making negligence more expensive would be the biggest economic benefit of loser-pays.
But the number of uninsured children began to rise when welfare reform legislation took effect.
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Others worry that the welfare reforms will take effect only in 2017, creating a danger that they might be scrapped or diluted by a future government.
Under 10% of personal income, social welfare spending has no discernible effect on net new investment as shown by the horizontal best-fit line.
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Again, you have to look at the full effect on the economy, and as with trade the effect is that welfare overall increases.
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He said that he hoped that as the welfare reforms began to take effect, there would be more positive "role models" of people who had been long-term unemployed and had got back into work, who could help ease concerns among others.
As is the case with every welfare program, EU welfare programs have a temporary simulative effect on the economy.
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Admittedly, some expensive welfare reforms are due to take effect from next week.
We believe there is a need for a scientific examination into the effect of journey times on the welfare of apes in transit and we intend to take this up with our EU partners.
One obvious explanation for the overwhelming Democratic majorities in big cities is the Curley effect with the corresponding concentration of Democratic constituencies like welfare recipients and unions, but there is more to it than that.
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In June, acting as self-appointed guardians of the country's secularism, Turkey's generals in effect removed from office the coalition government led by the Islamist Welfare Party.
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So if sequestration is actually triggered on March 1 as currently planned, it will have the perverse effect of increasing the share of the federal budget allocated to social welfare programs.
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Instead, they said Mr Timms was simply repeating an existing statement that if Labour were in office now, they would not be capping welfare at 1% and instead would let the existing system remain, in effect allowing benefits to rise in line with inflation.
He said several of the UK government's policies to reduce the welfare bill, such as further changes to housing and council tax benefits, would only take effect this year.
But he said the welfare-to-work programme and a plan for a Universal Benefit payments, due to start coming into effect in 2013, would succeed in getting more people into employment.
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