"Think algorithms and models and different software and Web crawlers, " says Christine Elliott, an American Express spokesperson.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Industry specific web crawlers or vulnerability discovery bots, network scans, and resource exhaustion attacks against web servers are rampant.

FORBES: Clean That Network Traffic

Blogging pioneer Doc Searls has long argued that customers should shield their data and charge a price for it, turning the tables on marketing giants and their data-gathering web-crawlers.

FORBES: Is Your Job Robot-Proof?