If it is too thick, which can happen at warmer temperatures, it can create suction that makes it harder to slide over the water layer.
The study in Nature Geoscience also asserts that the cool melt water layer may limit the amount of water sucked from the oceans that falls as snow on Antarctica.
The sea ice expanded during Southern Hemisphere autumn and winter in response to the development of a fresh, cool surface water layer, which floated on the denser, warmer salty sea water below.
The depth of the water layer is crucial.
ECONOMIST: Using ski wax can trap dirt, and thus slow down the skier
That work showed acoustic invisibility in a shallow layer of water, at ultrasound frequencies above those we can hear.
In 2007, the vast new Tupi field in Brazilian coastal waters was discovered in 200 meters of water below a massive layer of salt in hugely inhospitable geological conditions.
Plank's son Roger, 42, who serves as chief financial officer, keeps a reminder of those days on his desk: a small vial of foul-looking water with a thin layer of crude oil on the top.
Cosgrove and his team worked on altering the stickiness of regular gum by changing its water-repellent qualities, encouraging water to form a layer around the substance so that it could be more easily removed from most surfaces.
The effect of these strengthened winds whipping across the sea surface is to bring deeper, more carbon-rich water up from below, thus reducing the surface layer's capacity to absorb more CO2 from the air.
She removed the lid of the oatmeal and the canned pears and peeled off the layer of plastic wrap covering the glass of water.
The top layer contains hundreds of control channels through which pressurized water is pumped.
Grit can get trapped in the mushrooms' nooks and crannies, so give them a swish in a bowl of cold water, then repeat with fresh water until the water runs clean and let them air dry in a single layer on kitchen towels.
As the vines have to struggle and stress as they extend the roots through the thin layer of terra rossa and the limestone to the water table, growth of the vine is limited to producing low yielding, intensely flavoured grapes, ideal for making premium wine.
This melt water has a relatively low density, so it accumulates in the top layer of the ocean.
It combines a strand of standard plastic with a layer made from a "smart" material that can absorb water.
Filter material: layer of fine gravel used in slope stabilization structures that allows water to escape and retains soil particles.
In a section on water in outer space we learn that there is a lake-size layer of ice on the moon's south pole, that Mars once had rivers, that there is steam in the sun's atmosphere.
When pressurized water is fed over such an intersection, the pressure pushes down the thin layer of rubber, separating it from the fluid below, and it clamps shut the fluid channel below, like stepping on a hose.
Above-freezing temperatures also led to overflow along the trail, a potentially dangerous situation where water has pushed up through the ice and refrozen, creating a weak top layer of ice that teams and mushers can break through.
When swimmers spread their fingers just right, each individual digit forms its own boundary layer, as if it's "dressed in a sleeve of water that moves with the finger, " Bejan said.
Dubbed Mount Sharp, it appears to be an unusual layer-cake of clay and other sedimentary deposits that may be relics of ancient water flows and organic chemistry.
So instead, I use a skin-tight, sweat-wicking polypro base layer on my legs and torso, then the aforementioned fleece layers (which also repel water toward my outer shell).
In the deep water, large swaths of Wilcox sediment slumped over the side of the continental shelf and were swallowed by a layer of salt that dates back to when the American continents pulled away from Europe and Africa.
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