The others - muntjac, sika and Chinese water deer - were introduced in the past 150 years.
The most recent newcomer is the Chinese water deer, which became established in the wild in the 1920s.
With his keen eye, Tompkins spots a lone marsh deer, knee-deep in water, munching on grass.
Monkeys, deer and rabbits have descended on villages looking for water, while some villagers in Nellore have taken to using a bear to find water sources.
The tribe has imported animals from all over the globe--water buffalo, wild boar, and Axis, fallow and red deer.
So much wildlife has been displaced from its natural habitat that deer were running loose in the streets, desperate for water.
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One thing's clear, however: The artist purposely chose to position each image above a protruding ridgeline that runs along the cave wall, symbolizing either the surface of the water or tall grass that's obscuring the lower half of the deer.
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"We have reports of deer foaming at the mouth and panting as they cross bodies of water, " said Gast.
The event will start with a 400m swim in Studley Royal Lake, a 10km bike ride through the medieval deer park before finishing with a 2.5km run through the water gardens and ruins of Fountains Abbey.
Nestle, the Swiss company that makes Poland Spring, Nestle Pure Life, Deer Park and other brands, has nearly half of the share of the bottled water market.
The calm serenity of paddling in sync, quietly gliding along the water and listening to the birds, seeing starfish sunbathing on the rocks and even watching a deer chill out right by your campsite, content to share your space.
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It's still trying to resolve its problems by regulating water taken from streams for snowmaking and by buying nearby land, which it set aside for bear and deer.
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