Accordingly, Dr Lin and his colleagues tried to build up covalent bonds between the layers of a water-repellent, or hydrophobic, material called cellulose acetate butyrate, which is used to make water-resistant fabrics.

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You have to collect the enzymes, mix them with water and exploded bits of straw, and wait for the enzymes to turn the cellulose into sugar.

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After enhancing its reactivity, cardanol is chemically bonded with cellulose, which produces a durable thermo-plastic that is strong, heat resistant, water resistant and non-crystalline (short molding time), due to the bonded cardanol's unique molecular structure consisting of flexible and rigid parts.

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