Never mind that they showed the difference between heavy water (with deuterium atoms) and ordinary water (with hydrogen atoms) in a way that no image had done before.

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The water molecules' two hydrogen atoms, which are split from oxygen by electrolysis, go in different directions.

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The hydrogen protons attach to the oxygen atoms, creating water.

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Here, they recombine with the protons, and also oxygen atoms, to make water.

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The now positively charged hydrogen atoms migrate through the membrane to combine with oxygen on the air side to create water.

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The researchers looked at the different types, or isotopes, of oxygen atoms trapped in the samples and, using a well-established technique, were able to infer water temperatures at the time the organisms built their shelly parts.

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Atoms of elements with boiling points below the temperature of a particular plate pass over it, just as water runs over a warm river-bed.

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