The records from a particularly warm period called Marine Isotopic Stage 11, which occurred around 400, 000 years ago, suggest that warming of 1.5C compared to the present is enough to cause substantial thawing of permafrost - even in areas far north from its present-day southern limit.
Surrounded by majestic rolling sand dunes, the rugged landscape and blistering sun set the stage for a 5-star property filled with warm, Middle Eastern hospitality and welcoming smiles.
On the stage, the brilliant, otherworldly glare of revelation contrasted with the warm, realistic library light in which the scholars bent over their notebooks and struggled with theories.
Laois start to get nose bleeds at this stage of the competition and just as everybody's beginning to warm to them again, they usually produce a tepid performance and limp out.