In 1945, Marshal Henri Philippe Petain, leader of France's Vichy collaborationist regime during World War Two, was arrested on treason charges.

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Withholding Smiley's voice is one of many intriguing games that the film plays in the course of a Cold War mystery about spies playing sinister games of treason and personal betrayal.

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Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

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Mr Sharif is facing charges of treason, attempted hijacking, kidnapping, criminal conspiracy, attempted murder and collecting arms to wage war against Pakistan.

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