Like a lot of the other guerrilla marketmakers, Citron and Levine got their start through Nasdaq's Small Order Execution System, or SOES. An early response to critics of Nasdaq's voluntary dealer market, SOES allowed orders of 1, 000 shares or fewer to be executed automatically at marketmakers' advertised quotes.
Herm's retained unit was introduced in 2001, replacing the island's voluntary fire service, with the aim of providing first response to any emergencies while crews travel from Guernsey.
In response, the Department for Transport said the lessons were entirely voluntary and more about saving people money and reducing carbon emissions, than safety.