Kissmetrics was inserting supercookies into users' browser caches and into files associated with the latest version of the standard programming language used to build Web pages, known as HTML5.

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Betting that Flash was a declining technology, Apple chose instead to support HTML5, the next version of the standard programming language for describing the content and appearance of web pages.

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The current version of Beanstalk only supports Java, a programming language popular among businesses and taught, for example, in introductory programming classes at Stanford.

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Similar to the free program Roger Wilco, the new voice chat will be included in a new version of DirectX, Microsoft's applications programming interface for 3D games.

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Five years later, in version 3.0, it added an application programming interface (API) for its themes making it an effective platform for developing web applications as well as pure content sites.

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The hardest task will be coming up with programming that its rivals do not already have a version of.

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Mr Swartz began computer programming as a child, and at 14 co-authored an early version of the RSS specification.

BBC: Aaron Swartz

This type of programming is based on a set of Java APIs, although new technology in the latest version of Apache Hadoop, called YARN, allows other languages to be used.

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