As long as there was uncertainty about the long-term value of the Swiss franc, speculators who thought the currency undervalued had an incentive to buy francs in order to profit from the appreciation, pushing the price up in the process.

FORBES: Central Banks Are Never "Out of Ammunition"

They thus have an incentive to think of the firm's real long-term value.

ECONOMIST: Financial misstatements

As the value of options increases with volatility, receiving them gives managers the incentive to undertake more risk than long-term and more risk-averse owners might prefer.

ECONOMIST: No soft option

There is an increasing number of investors day traders, short-sellers, arbitrageurs, hedge funds, single-issue shareowners, passive index trackers, etc who have no incentive to concern themselves constructively with issues of governance and long-term value creation.

ECONOMIST: Simeon says...