All using supercomputers in the cloud, paid for by the megabyte or the minute.

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At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, they're using supercomputers to get a lot more power out of our nuclear facilities.

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Although the theory that describes the interaction of quarks and gluons is on a firm conceptual footing, it is so complicated in practice that it can take years to make a single calculation of something like the shape of a proton even using the most powerful supercomputers.

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It also posted some impressive gains using those same chips to power the world's top 500 supercomputers--a list updated every six months and studied closely.

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Many scientists have started using graphics cards as number-crunching engines because they are cheaper and easier to use than traditional supercomputers.

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