In the first few days, urine samples are useful to look for exposure to chemical agents.
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The use of spot urine samples with such small group sizes is not a rigorous approach.
Long-term studies including multiple urine samples from the same children are needed, Bouchard says.
Bouchard and her colleagues analyzed urine samples from children ages 8 to 15.
Very few urine samples prove to be suitable for direct analysis.
Directing a team of 50 scientists at Zeneca's labs in Cheshire, U.K., McKillop collected urine samples from employees to isolate EGF and come up with a compound that could effectively block its activity.
McKillop directed a team of 50 scientists at Zeneca's labs in Cheshire, U.K., that collected urine samples from employees to isolate EGF and come up with a compound that could effectively block its activity.
Laurenzi said he collected urine samples from Braun along with two other players on October 1, a Saturday, and the samples were sealed, placed in a sealed bag and then placed into a sealed cardboard box.
The UCI followed Contador's statement with its own, confirming that the rider had been "formally and provisionally suspended as is prescribed by the World Anti-Doping Code" after both his A and B urine samples tested positive in a laboratory in Cologne, Germany.
While doctors can perform a variety of tests on an unconscious person without his or her consent if they feel they could help determine the source of the problem, a conscious patient in casualty would have to give permission for urine samples to be taken, and the tests could not be made a pre-condition of treatment.
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