Some urban rail and bus services have reported increased ridership as gas prices have gone up.

NPR: A Future Full of Pumped-Up Gas Prices?

Charging motorists for scarce road space, with most of the revenues being used to finance improvements in bus, rail or urban mass-transit systems, is the only sensible route to restraint.

ECONOMIST: Roads

There are lots of employees who have a demonstrated desire to live in a high-density urban neighborhood, and a willingness to take a bus to work.

FORBES: Restrictive Zoning Is Crippling Silicon Valley's Transit Options

Urban kayaking has become a popular alternative to sightseeing by bus or bicycle in several cities throughout the U.S., with tour operators from New York City to Seattle reporting approximately 25% growth in customers in each of the past three years.

WSJ: City Kayak Tours Fan Safety Worries

And the government is keen to promote bus use, which it sees as an alternative to many urban car journeys.

ECONOMIST: Transport

The city has launched a regulated bus rapid-transit system and has begun work to develop a reliable and affordable urban rail system as part of efforts to sort out its legendary snail-paced traffic.

CNN: Lagos of the future: Megacity's ambitious plans

But in the United States, and much of the rest of the high-income world, this is accomplished by bringing residents from the periphery to the core by car, train, bus and increasingly through telecommunications, even as most jobs are located elsewhere in the urban area.

FORBES: Megacities And The Density Delusion: Why More People Doesn't Equal More Wealth

He also gives bus tours of downtown Los Angeles, where he finds close and often hilarious comparisons between those gritty urban streets and the highly manicured, "imagineered" streets of Disneyland.

NPR: A 'Histo-Tainment' Take on the L.A. County Fair

After analysing different sub-groups of bus pass holders, the study found that women over the age of 70 and living in London or in urban areas were significantly more likely to use buses and walk three or more times a week than those without bus passes.

BBC: Free bus passes 'have health benefits', UK study suggests