Nonetheless enough will struggle across the finish line to give Republicans control of the upper house.
His Social Democrats lost control of the upper house, the Bundesrat, after a defeat in a state election in February.
The center-left alliance led by Pier Luigi Bersani narrowly won the lower house, but failed to gain control of the upper house.
Yukio Hatoyama, leader of the Democratic Party, the biggest of the opposition forces, says he will use control of the upper house to block legislation and so force an early general election.
Abe is on a mission to reinvigorate the Japanese economy, win control of the upper house of the Diet (National Assembly) in summer elections and push through constitutional revision to remove constraints on Japan's military.
But even if Abe secures a comfortable majority in the Lower House, given its lack of control of the Upper House, it might struggle to secure the working majorities it will need in the Diet to pass legislation comfortably.
We also believe Liberty maintains the upper hand in negotiations because it can assume control at time, given its existing 46% ownership stake.
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His ability to implement unpopular reforms will anyway be limited by the opposition conservatives' control of the Bundesrat, the upper house of the legislature, where Germany's 16 states are represented.
However, Mr Howard's party does not control the Senate, Australia's upper house, so these new initiatives may have trouble becoming law.
The Razer Nostromo expert gaming keypad is designed to give gamers the upper hand with cutting edge ergonomics for intuitive game control and comfort.
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Both gun-control advocates and the National Rifle Association claim the upper hand.
In class, she's in control, taking no flak from the pair of Upper East Side alpha moms who complain that her class is too hectic.
In the war being waged for control of enterprise endpoint computers, cybercriminals currently have the upper hand.
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The centre-right has a majority not only in the Bundestag, the lower house, but also in the Bundesrat, the upper house made up of state representatives, which it will retain so long as it keeps control of North Rhine-Westphalia next May.
Evidently, this misconduct was deemed necessary because, even with control of both the House and Senate infriendly hands, President Obama required Republican votes in the upper chamber to secure passage of his repeal initiative.
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It benefits the upper and upper-middle classes, the argument goes, by the strict standards it imposes to protect the land: growth control, open space, maintained eco-systems and the preservation of town or village character.
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