The endemic Siberian population had different molar features and a "very unique DNA signature" - that was dated to be almost 900, 000 years old.

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"The beauty of this system is that we do not need to modify the item being protected in any way with tags, chips or ink - it is as if documents and packaging had their own unique DNA, " said Professor Cowburn.

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Instead of labels, GenVault puts a tiny bit of unique rice DNA into each human cell sample, a sort of permanent bar code for the samples.

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Caves were thought to be essentially devoid of life until six years ago, when the renowned University of Colorado microbiologist Norman Pace, also an avid caver, discovered a way to identify extremophile microorganisms by cloning and sequencing unique sections of their DNA. Prior to Pace's work biologists had fruitlessly tried to cultivate these microorganisms with traditional lab techniques using nutrient-rich petri dishes.

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She also said genetic studies have shown that each of the red squirrel populations contain DNA which is unique to Wales.

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Biochemists spent 14 years deconstructing DNA into about 25, 000 genes and 1.4 million variations in DNA that make an individual unique, their SNPS, looking for patterns in the data to find useful insights that can improve the quality and lower the cost of health care.

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Humans have around 100, 000 genes, each one encoding, in DNA, the recipe for a unique protein.

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Each person's DNA -- the genetic code in a person's cells -- is unique, except in the case of identical twins, he noted.

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They must go back to the core DNA of the brand and ensure that every pot and pan, every slipcover and throw pillow is unique and of the highest quality possible.

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