Encryptor, a cleantech start-up company based in Plano, TX, is commercializing the underlying technology in the form of a low-cost electronic chip that can be easily built into appliances.
Thus, in multiplayer Minecraft there are multiple levels at which intellectual property is being created and used: Mojang, the company that sells Minecraft, provides IP in the form of the underlying game itself.
When received, the dividends are double-taxed, because the same underlying income in the corporation that generated that income is taxed a second time in the form of a dividend.
The bulk of Western credits to the former Soviet Union took the form of so-called balance of payments or general purpose loans with no underlying projects or trade transactions.