Fear of these losing outcomes often leads to a number of suboptimal choices, including over-capitalizing a company (trying to protect against the downside), cutting the burn so much as to cut corners and impair a program (doing an under-powered clinical study), or doing less-than-optimal business development deals.
Already today, the law allows for one or two extra points to be awarded to the under-represented sex in study programs where there is a significant imbalance.
Under a four-year study, one third of the women will be given the gel, one third a placebo and one third will not receive any, while all will be given condoms and taught about their use.
Jude-funded study is currently under consideration for publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal and could be published as soon as this month, said a physician familiar with the matter.
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About 245 prospective students have accepted offers to study the under-threat courses, the document states.
Track will be renewed between Liverpool Street and Norwich, and a line-speed study is under way to examine further improvements to journey times.
He himself was a successful player in his teens and early 20s, having a trial for England Under-19s and going on to study sports science and management at university.
An ambitious multi-disciplinary study is under way to address the issue of climate change and public health, and its findings are being posted on a World Wide Web site set up by a Johns Hopkins University engineering graduate student.
It would allow time for the completion of a detailed IMF-study, as well as a formal interagency study under the auspices of the Economic Policy Council (which must include prominent representation from the NSC, the Department of Defense and the CIA).
The study also found that under-performing funds had high marketing costs because they target unsophisticated investors that are more responsive to advertising.
It total, 80% of teachers surveyed said they believed poverty had a negative impact on pupils' attainment - with problems including under-achievement, not having a quiet place to study at home, inability to concentrate and lack of access to computers and the internet.
The ENHANCE study was run by Schering-Plough under an arrangement in which Merck and Schering divvied up key clinical trials.
Under its procedures, lower-level career officials in the departments study proposed foreign investments to see whether they pose any security threats.
The researchers, from the University of Florida in Gainesville, carried out the study after observing that post-menopausal women under hormone replacement therapy were protected against strokes.
Under the plan, high-fliers in their final year of undergraduate study would be recruited by Frontline.
Innovative BioDefense says a study is under way testing Zylast's effect on elementary-school absenteeism, and additional research is planned on illnesses on cruise ships and in nursing homes.
In 2011 the charity published the first part of the study which showed that under the 2001 Census 173, 200 children - one in 77 children - were being brought up by grandparents and other relatives.
The measles epidemic which preceded the allergen study in Guinea-Bissau killed one in four of those children under the age of three who became infected.
The best case scenario is that the student has enough course work and study under their belt, and they can pass on the first go-round and be eligible for a slew of job postings that require the certification.
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Just under a third of students ages 12-18 reported being bullied in school in a recent study by the National Center for Education statistics.
Just what proportion of trials are kept under wraps is unclear - one of Donald Rumsfeld's known unknowns - but a 2010 study from the National Institute of Health Research suggests that half are never published, and those with positive results twice as likely to get into print.
Under the recently adopted Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC has been tasked with producing a comprehensive study on whether the standards to which a broker is held should be raised to the higher level historically expected from an investment adviser.
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As a result, it is unlikely that the United States will have fourteen days of actionable warning of a crisis -- a key assumption in the study performed by the Institute for Defense Analysis for Under Secretary of Defense Paul Kaminski.
In a study last year with Carstensen, she asked two 60-participant groups, one under 39 and one over 62, to review and choose among four health care plans.
Under an overhaul of the national curriculum in England, 14- to 16-year-olds will study two Shakespeare plays, rather than the one currently required, while seven- to 11-year-olds will learn about the playwright in history lessons.
Why was a long and semi-scholarly study by a magazine writer the catalyst for a social change that might have got under way years before?
Instead, Universal argued, state common law applies. (As a side note, at the end of last year, the U.S. Copyright Office performed a study at the request of Congress and recommended that pre-72 sound recordings be placed under federal jurisdiction).
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Second, the study was based on the performance of indexes when in reality, the vast majority of mutual funds under-perform those indexes because of fees and trading costs.
Study leader Dr Lee Hudson from the Institute of Child Health, University College London, said more under-13s now presented with eating disorders than meningitis due to the success of vaccination programmes.
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