Fifteen years have now elapsed since the United States last conducted an underground U.S. nuclear test.
It is a U-shaped underground villa, built of metre-thick concrete slabs to withstand air and artillery attack.
The Clinton team has argued that such steps are justified since an end to U.S. underground testing is an essential factor in dissuading would-be nuclear powers to give up their ambitions.
Many had gone underground since the U.S. invasion, prevented by violence from occupying the galleries that existed before the war.
It's the second high-profile American visit this year to North Korea, a country that remains in a state of war with the U.S. It also comes two weeks after North Korea conducted an underground nuclear test in defiance of U.N. bans against atomic and missile activity.
Months after North Korea's latest underground detonation, U.S. intelligence is still unable to determine what material actually exploded -- uranium or other radioactive materials.
The real reason for the Clinton insistence on no American nuclear tests appears to be more straightforward: Without periodic, realistic underground tests, the U.S. arsenal will over time inevitably become unreliable.
The SPR is stored in a series of massive underground salt domes on the U.S. Gulf Coast, immediately adjacent to several internal energy transport hubs.
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Unfortunately, a domestic political squeeze-play (involving funding for the long-since-terminated Super Collider-Super Conductor then under construction in Texas) prompted the first President Bush to embrace such an exercise in American nuclear restraint: a U.S. moratorium on all underground nuclear testing.
North Korea threatened a pre-emptive strike against the U.S., and conducted an underground nuclear test in February and a rocket launch in December.
And during the Cold War, the U.S. government set up an underground bunker from which to operate in the event of a nuclear attack.
Mike Chinoy, a former CNN correspondent who has visited North Korea 15 times, said the current confusion about Pyongyang's capabilities recall a similar episode in 1998, when U.S. spy satellites discovered an underground complex at Kumchangri, not far from North Korea's main nuclear facility at Yongbyon.
Some displays we might easily recognize as terrorism-related, including a look inside a militia member's closet and photos of a bomb set off inside the U.S. Capitol by members of the Weather Underground.
At that time, the Russians didn't mention the texts and made reference only to Mr. Tsarnaev's interest in joining "underground" groups, a term that to U.S. ears could suggest political opposition, Dagestani officials said.
Ironically, this fact was explicitly recognized in the Hatfield-Exxon legislation of 1992 that led to the present moratorium legislation that expressly contemplated additional underground tests would be necessary to prepare the U.S. stockpile, diagnostic tools and scientific cadre for a permanent ban on nuclear testing.
Ironically, this fact was explicitly recognized in the Hatfield-Exxon legislation of 1992 that led to the present moratorium -- legislation that expressly contemplated additional underground tests would be necessary to prepare the U.S. stockpile, diagnostic tools and scientific cadre for a permanent ban on nuclear testing.
Joy's underground equipment is in at least 46% of U.S. mines.
Countries like Iran who can no longer officially buy weapons from the U.S. due to severance of diplomatic ties, find underground private dealers to augment their American arms infrastructure from past dealings.
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The commander demonstrated the war game recently to top U.S. defense officials visiting Command Post Tango, the war-fighting headquarters for the U.S. and South Korean forces, located inside an underground bunker in South Korea.
In 2005 Ms. O'Grady won the Bastiat Prize for Journalism awarded by the International Policy Network for her articles on the World Bank, the underground economy in Brazil and the bad economic advice the U.S. often gives to Latin American countries.
PRD-19 should also make clear that the U.S. will be required to conduct a small number of underground tests with most falling at or below the 10-kiloton level but with the right to conduct higher yield tests should the need arise.
According to an FBI news release, a foreign government said that Tamerlan Tsarnaev appeared to be strong believer and that he had changed drastically since 2010 as he prepared to leave the U.S. for travel to the Russian region to join unspecified underground groups.
Trincher and Nahmad of laundering money through bank accounts and shell companies in Cyprus, routing funds back and forth through Russia and into the U.S. The unnamed celebrities, athletes and financiers who patronized the alleged underground poker games run by the ring aren't accused of participating in the broader criminal enterprise.
Panetta said U.S. technical experts are still assessing available data to learn more about the underground explosion.
The most dominating "fact of life" in the U.S. nuclear weapons world today is the continued existence of a moratorium on underground nuclear testing.
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Pyongyang is angry about ongoing U.S.-South Korean military drills and about new U.N. sanctions, issued over the North's December long-range rocket launch, which the U.N. called a cover for a banned missile test, and its third underground nuclear explosion, conducted Feb. 12.
Today, his story offers a rare inside look at an extremist movement that flourished in the U.S. And it raises questions about how it managed to spread undetected in the U.S. and whether, since Sept. 11, it has simply moved deeper underground.
It might not appear on a U.S. search engine, but it will on a foreign search engine, or even in the underground internet and through usenet groups.
The bad news is that the Bush Administration has thus far failed to take another step essential if America is to be able to counter the threats of aggression increasingly emanating from Pyongyang and Tehran: We have yet to address the block-obsolescence to which the U.S. nuclear arsenal is effectively condemned in the absence of our own program of periodic, safe underground nuclear testing.
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