Landslips of thousands of tonnes of rock, soil and trees in Ystalyfera, Swansea valley, with 13 families advised to leave their homes and a road blocked.
Plant the trees, secure the soil, and you save the money, while simultaneously giving people employment and securing the future for animals like the golden lion tamarin.
Soon the trees disappeared, the gradient increased and the soil became black and powder-fine.
For an hour the kob course under the plane, almost like a river, flowing across the broken soil and around the trees.
Two to three inches of mulch spread around plants, trees and shrubs will slow water evaporation from the soil, help cool root systems and inhibit weeds.
During these movements, I observed some things again and again: when it rains, dried leaves and fallen trees are washed down the valleys with the soil.
When the next food crop is planted, it benefits from the nutrients and improved physical properties of the soil that the trees have provided.
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Many state or local extension services will test your soil and tell you what it needs for particular plants, shrubs or trees.
Other former coffee-plantation land, high in the mountains where the soil is rich in volcanic minerals, remains overgrown with weeds and contains barren trees.
It is the Ibiza the ancient Greeks used to call the 'pine-covered island', a fertile land where almost every patch of soil is filled with trees bearing different fruits - figs, quinces, lemons, carob seeds and almonds - so that the surrounding air is perfumed with their ripening scent.
Lawn and golf-course grass will be tougher, trees more resistant to drought, or adapted to clean up contaminated soil.
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