Britain has a much more open economy than America, measured by foreign trade or capital flows.
These beggar thy neighbor policies led to the collapse of world trade and capital flows during the Great Depression.
During the 1930s countries had resorted to beggar-thy-neighbor policies, such as devaluing currencies and imposing trade and capital restrictions.
Vietnam's government has responded to all of this by encouraging the growth of the private sector, and by trying to diversify its trade and capital flows, notably through the deal with America.
Countries reduced barriers to trade and capital flows.
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But in the advanced economies, where internal markets are big enough to be fairly competitive, barriers to flows of trade, capital and knowledge have long been lower, and technology is at its cutting edge, there is less to be gained.
In a global economy dominated by footloose investors, capital flows dominate trade deficits and these capital flows are attracted by high investment returns.
Against this backdrop, EM FX will likely remain choppy and difficult to trade, Barclays Capital told clients on Friday.
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Under the classical gold standard economic growth, international trade and global capital flows flourished with a minimum of state intervention.
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Pessimistic types painted a dark future of trade wars and capital controls.
Its core industry, financial services, grew because of the accumulation of capital and trade flows.
China's exports will also be helped by an ability to raise trade credit and working capital.
The currency war appears to be escalating with even greater currency depreciation, trade restriction, and capital controls.
They want to draw the curtain on international trade and hike risk capital costs with higher taxes.
No, it was bad policy that dried up capital, trade and creative energies.
Trade deficits are usually capital surpluses, a good thing because they lead to low borrowing rates and higher stock prices.
One explanation is that more trade inevitably produces more capital integration.
To obsess about one number such as the trade deficit and ignore capital inflows, personal incomes, corporate profits, the national balance sheet, etc. is almost pathological.
Besides financing the trade deficit, these capital inflows have also supported the dollar which, between April 1995 and late 1998, strengthened by 50% against the yen.
Both depend on commodity exports, both trade heavily within the Asia-Pacific region and there is (almost) free movement in trade, labour and capital between the two countries.
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There may be very good reasons why they do only so compete of course: travel, communications, language, legal restrictions, capital or trade controls all come to mind.
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This includes inventories, foreign trade, housing and capital spending.
Both recognize that in addition to foreign assistance, other development tools such as sound policies, private capital and trade are necessary to strengthen the economies of low income countries.
They use their own capital to trade and get to profit from rebates paid by the exchange for providing this "liquidity" and on the tiny increments in price differences as they make markets.
The scandal was triggered when New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer revealed a scheme under which Nations Funds, advised by Banc of America Capital Management, a unit of Bank of America (nyse: BAC - news - people ), permitted hedge fund Canary Capital to trade mutual fund shares at prices that had already been set at the day's close.
Mr. Obama's emphasis on pursuing new pacts comes as he makes his way through an export-dependent region that has grown nervous about his trade policy, and skeptical about his willingness to use political capital at home to support free trade.
Although they create trade, they also divert capital and jobs into favoured industries and countries, and away from others.
Those million-zaire notes they scoff at trade in Lubumbashi, the capital of Shaba province, at only 300, 000 to the dollar.
The practical reason is that economies and markets are indeed connected, through trade, through flows of capital, and through multinational companies.
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