The broad adoption of industry standards and protocols is reducing trade friction while generating new levels of trade activity and information.
Mr Pickles had earlier called for councils to review the "merits" of publicly funded full-time union officials, telling MPs it was "wrong" that taxpayers' money should be used to subsidise trade union activity.
In the same way, an increase in marginal tax rates leads to less domestic trade or economic activity.
Defining trade or business activity should be pretty straightforward.
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By definition, more trade means more economic activity which means more growth.
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Economic thinkers since at least the time of, well Copernicus, have understood that national well-being derived from private individuals going out into the private world to produce goods and trade goods, an activity that for centuries has created wealth for many nations.
Like the pressure to de-list the US dollar as the base currency for international trade, with innovation activity shifting to Asia, countries other than the U.S. will have an increasingly larger say in international intellectual property rights, standards setting and commercialization of intellectual property.
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It is usually quite important whether an activity is a trade or business.
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You would think that somebody could be able to tell right off whether a particular real estate activity constitutes a trade or business.
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The price boom had a big effect on sentiment and of course terms of trade but in terms of actual activity delivered into the Australian economy, it's been quite modest.
Put simply, when the dollar is unstable so is the trade that is the basis of economic activity.
And this intra-firm activity is counted as a trade imbalance.
In other words, before real estate professionals can exclude rental real estate income from the calculation of their 3.8% Medicare Surtax obligation, they must first test to see whether the rental real estate activity is from an ordinary trade or business, as defined in Code Sec. 162.
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This appears to call into play the age-old question of whether a rental activity rises to the level of a trade or business.
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Also deductible are investment interest, but only to the extent of investment income and trade or business interest (subject to the passive activity loss rules).
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The passive activity loss rules require us to divide our trade or business activities into passive and non-passive buckets.
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For a discussion of what causes an activity to rise to the level of a trade or business, see Part 1 of this overview.
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Aside from the moral implications, there are potential financial consequences of proliferation activity -- such as the possible imposition of trade and financial sanctions -- which could negatively impact investors.
To the contrary, if the rental activity does not rise to the level of a trade or business, the fact that it is no longer treated as passive courtesy of the real estate professional rules will not change the fact that the rental income is considered net investment income.
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The data is for the trade date ended March 13 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
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The data is for the trade date ended July 12 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
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Taking a closer look at this activity reveals what appears to be a bullish risk reversal trade at the January 2012 12.50 and 15 call strikes, where blocks totaling 6, 300 contracts traded simultaneously.
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The main source of the renewed weakness in economic activity seems to be related to a slowdown in international trade, as evidenced by flat export demand seen by Asia, which triggered an involuntary build-up in inventories in the manufacturing sector.
The data is for the trade date ended Nov. 22 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
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The data is for the trade date ended Nov. 1 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
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The data is for the trade date ended Jan. 31 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
The data is for the trade date ended Sept. 6 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
The data is for the trade week ended Oct. 23 and encompasses both the futures and options activity combined at the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
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While it is difficult to estimate how much of an impact this trend has had on the first-quarter trade balance, it is an important trend to watch since it suggests bubble activity.
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There is no doubt that petitioners intended o profit from the purchase of the Brasada property, but their activity had not, as of 2007 and 2008, become a trade or business conducted with continuity and regularity.
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