One area where every nation is on its own is the disclosure requirements for top-management pay in public corporations.
State leaders reject the notion of becoming a traditional party and insist that there will be no centralized top-management organization.
Inherently social organizations use the power of mission and self-organizing over top-down management principles governing large-scale initiatives of the past.
Under the pressures of top-flight management, Graham's public persona changed from good-humoured charmer to dour disciplinarian.
It does not rely on top-notch management using state-of-the-art project processes to empower its employees.
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The simple reason: With a bigger pile of assets they can better compensate and retain top money-management talent.
For example, most CEOs have little difficulty with a top-down management style and expecting their directives to be executed.
He has also reorganized the company with a less top-centric management structure, however, covered in this post from AllThingsD.
It had access to emerging market growth (roughly half its sales) while benefitting from an American listing and top-notch management.
In Mind Your Own Business, he criticized top-down management, writing that the role of the leader is ''catalyst, conscience and inspirer.
The Scot's appointment at Villa Park represents his first top-flight management role since the death of his wife, Denise, from breast cancer in 2006.
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However, there is another type of stock option, known as an incentive stock option, which is usually only offered to key employees and top-tier management.
He said top-level management must accept responsibility for what has happened.
And while many of his fellow Premiership head coaches have been turned prematurely grey by the stresses of top-level management, Pountney appears to be impervious to the pressure.
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It shows few signs of tackling its top-heavy management structure.
In the event, for all the nastiness, buck-passing and back-biting this mass of material exposes, it only reinforces Mr Pollard's conclusions: that the BBC's lines of accountability were deeply flawed and that members of its lavishly paid and top-heavy management saw it as their priority, in a crisis, to flunk responsibility rather than take it.
And in a classic case of the rich getting richer, when 68-year-old coach Jupp Heynckes retires at the end of the season, he'll be replaced by none other than Pep Guardiola, former boss of Barcelona, who "only" won three Spanish League titles, two Spanish Cups and two Champions' League crowns in his four years of top-flight management.
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Back in the 1940s, the public services were top-down in their management - like so much else at the time, and this remained too entrenched thereafter.
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But top public-sector management jobs are probably more concentrated in the south-east than the rest of the country.
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With Dalglish, 59, out of top-level football management since he left Celtic in 2000, Clarke's appointment will be seen as a shrewd move.
Our research in goal management, for example, shows that companies which revisit their goals quarterly generate nearly 3X the return of companies that implement top-down goal management annually.
Women make up just 23% of top-level media management.
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Samsung SAFE smartphones and tablets provide stronger security to corporate employees using IT policy management through Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync (EAS), top-tier, multi-vendor Mobile Device Management (MDM) and Virtual Private Network (VPN) support, as well as on device encryption (ODE).
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Goldman Sachs has been unusual in having several times flourished under a top management double-act notably John Whitehead and John Weinberg, and later Stephen Friedman and Robert Rubin, who now heads the Treasury.
Over the past four years he has used E-Trade's once-roaring stock to acquire ever more services, offering the nation's top-yielding certificates of deposit, an asset-management arm and a cut-rate version of the "wrap" accounts invented by old-line brokers.
It also boasts of a focus on business niches in which it can secure a top-five position, and a pioneering risk-management system that emphasises the creation of shareholder value, and links employees' remuneration to their value to shareholders.
These were great companies with top-notch leadership, solid management processes, and access to the best and brightest strategists.
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