Supporters of the rival candidates, from different ethnic groups, took up arms against each other.
Immigrants took up arms to preserve our union, to defeat fascism, and to win a Cold War.
Up to 800, 000 people have been displaced since the rebels took up arms against the Kinshasa government in May.
NATO, once it had taken over Kosovo, to the ethnic-Albanian rebels who took up arms in southern Serbia last year.
Local farmers, with encouragement and support from the Taliban, took up arms, creating additional strain on Britain's already overstretched troops.
Rebel forces took up arms in Darfur in February 2003, accusing the government of discriminating against black Africans in favour of Arabs.
The Karen National Union took up arms after World War Two to fight for self-rule within an independent Myanmar (then called Burma).
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The rebels -- initially a ragtag group of everyday Syrians -- took up arms to fight against the comparatively more heavily armed government forces.
The conflict began five years ago when ethnic African tribesmen took up arms, complaining of decades of neglect and discrimination by the Sudanese government.
The PKK took up arms in 1984, demanding greater autonomy for Turkey's Kurds, who are thought to comprise up to 20% of the population.
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The Darfur conflict began five years ago, when ethnic African tribesmen took up arms, complaining of decades of neglect and discrimination by the Sudanese government.
From the show's perspective, every Jew who took up arms to liberate Israel from the British and defend it from the Arabs is a Nazi.
While Mr Banana was president, Mr Nkomo fell out with Mr Mugabe, and a few hundred of Mr Nkomo's supporters took up arms against the regime.
In the first months of the intifada he turned a blind eye to members of his security forces who took up arms against soldiers and settlers in Gaza.
The Tuaregs have traditionally been a nomadic people roaming across the Sahara Desert but some took up arms, saying the Niger government is not doing enough to improve their lives.
To these may be added a familiar mixture of dissent, confusion and parsimony among those who took up arms for Kosovo last year and who must now run the place with the consent of Russia and China.
The fall of Sirte, which followed that of the other surviving holdout town of Bani Walid, means that virtually the whole of Libya is in the hands of the forces that took up arms against the colonel in February.
He began agitating for the Kosovo cause while still in his teens, and first came to prominence as the political leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), the guerrilla group that took up arms against Serb forces in the late 1990s.
Since the mainly African Muslim rebels took up arms in 2003, in protest against what they felt to be years of discrimination and neglect at the hands of the Arab Muslims in Khartoum, as many as 300, 000 civilians have been killed and a further 2m or more forced to flee their homes.
There are plenty of competing elements left behind: the thousands of mainly young demonstrators who took to the streets of Sanaa and other cities in January to demand democratic change, the tribal alliance that took up arms against Saleh, secessionists in the south and a Shiite rebellion in the north, well-organized Islamist groups and a budding al Qaeda franchise.
When we reached Pisa and its charmingly goofy tower, each of us took turns standing at the perfect spot, grimacing, arms outstretched, for the photo of ourselves holding up the tower.
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