When people choose to use powerful, and potentially dangerous, stimulant medications to enhance cognitive functioning they need to manage the risks.

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Many go to the medicine cabinet in search of an edge, wanting something to enhance cognitive functioning.

FORBES: When 'Study Drugs' Kill (Part 1): How Ambition Becomes Adderall Addiction

Moreover, the Durham University study also found a link between the duration of breastfeeding and the growth of the brain after birth, causing researcher Barton to suggest two years of breastfeeding may lead to increased cognitive functioning.

FORBES: How To Make Your Baby Smarter

Some patients appear to respond with improved cognitive functioning, the company found in two, small clinical trials comparing their product with placebo.

WSJ: 'Medical Foods' and Supplements for Brain Health Advance

Early environmental enrichments that include better nutrition, more exercise and cognitive stimulation from ages 3 to 5 both improves brain functioning at age 11 and also reduces crime at age 23 by 35%.

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He noted that the tests we have for measuring the cognitive functioning of infants, though admittedly crude, show the races to be almost the same.

NEWYORKER: None of the Above